Nova rešenja u procesima pripreme i bojenja poliestra uz optimalno ekonomsko i ekološko opterećenje
Метаподаци
Приказ свих података о дисертацијиСажетак
This PhD dissertation is a complex study of contemporary and up-to-date
policies, procedures, theoretical postulates, and experimental examinations
related to the modification and dyeing of synthetic textiles. First of all, these are
activities related to creating conditions for easier, more economical and
efficient, and from the ecological point of view, more acceptable dyeing of
polyester fibers. The proposed innovative pretreatment or modification of the
surface of polyester fibers in the form of knitting, allows dyeing under normal
conditions of temperature and pressure, without carriers or with eco carriers.
The treatment, which precedes the process of dyeing, converts the morphology
of the fiber surface, which results in a lower mass and lower thickness of the
knitted fabric, better sorption properties, capillarity, and water absorption.
Certain advanced dyeing procedures of modified polyester knitwear show better
results than dyeing, according to the fabric recipes at high tempe...ratures (120
C) or with a commercial carrier. Modification of the polyester fabric is carried
out with alkaline − aqueous and alkaline − alcoholic solutions as well as pure
higher alcohols, always with the use of ultrasound. Alkaline processing of
knitwear in an aqueous or alcoholic environment, with the use of ultrasound,
leads to changes in the surface structure of polyester fibers, while solvent
processing mainly causes swelling and makes the fibers structure more
permeable for molecules of a disperse dye during the process of dyeing. The
combination of potassium−hydroxide and octanol demonstrated extremely
positive effects on knitwear. Dyeing with ultrasound increases the exhaustion
of dye by the modified knitted fabric and it depends on the contact time, the
initial dye concentration, and the presence of the ultrasound itself. Knitwear
color fastness (to light, wear, washing, seawater, water, water drops) is
comparable to color fastness after classical, industrial dyeing.
An economic analysis of polyester dyeing with new procedures reveals the
following:
- higher dye exhaustion means a smaller amount of waste dye, easier and
cheaper wastewater treatment;
- half the amount of dispersant saves money and lowers the costs of
wastewater treatment;
- the omission of a commercial carrier means saving money and lowering
costs for wastewater treatment;
- the omission of the acid saves money and lowers purification costs.
New solutions for dyeing knitwear have the capacity to reduce water, energy
consumption and improve production efficiency with significant potential for
cleaner textile production in smaller manufacturing companies.