Sindrom sagorevanja na radu i mentalno zdravlje kod zdravstvenih radnika tokom pandemije COVID-19

Abstract

Uvod: Cilj ove disertacije bio je da kod zdravstvenih radnika ispitamo povezanost dimenzija sindroma sagorevanja na radu sa važnim osobinama ličnosti, sociodemografskim karakteristikama, uslovima rada, kao i uslovima života tokom pandemije COVID-19. Metod: Uzorak je obuhvatio 406 ispitanika (Ž=267), 141 lekara i 265 medicinskih tehničara. Korišćeni su instrumenti: Srpska verzija upitnika izgaranja na poslu, Kratka skala subjektivnog blagostanja, Kratka skala rezilijentnosti, Upitnik za procenu refleksivne funkcije, Skala depresivnosti, anksioznosti i stresa, kao i poseban upitnik kreiran za potrebe ovog istraživanja. Rezultati: U odnosu na zdravstvene radnike koji su radili u redovnim kliničkim uslovima, zdravstveni radnici koji su radili u COVID-19 zoni (N=203) imali su veći stepen izraženosti emocionalne iscrpljenosti (t=2,78, p<0,01) i depersonalizacije (t=2,91, p<0,01). Model regresije emocionalne iscrpljenosti objašnjava 52% njene varijanse. Emocionalnu iscrpljenost najviše povećavaju stres kao osobina ličnosti (ß=0,38, p<0,01), ženski pol (ß=0,30, p<0,01) i nedovoljno odmora nakon posla (ß=0,24, p<0,01). Model regresije depersonalizacije objašnjava 24% njene varijanse. Depersonalizaciju najviše povećava depresija kao osobina ličnosti (ß=0,24, p<0,01). Model regresije lične efikasnosti objašnjava 31% varijanse, a najvažniji prediktor je subjektivno blagostanje (ß=0,40, p<0,01). Zaključak: Dimenzije sindroma sagorevanja na radu su u neposrednoj vezi sa subjektivnim blagostanjem i osobinama koje ukazuju koliko su zdravstveni radnici skloni doživljavanju stresa i depresije.

Introduction: The aim of this dissertation was to examine the relationship between dimensions of burnout syndrome with important personality traits, sociodemographic characteristics, working conditions, as well as living conditions among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: The sample included 406 respondents (female=267), 141 doctors and 265 medical technicians. The instruments used were: Serbian version of the burnout questionnaire, Short subjective well-being scale, Brief resilience scale, Reflective functioning questionnaire, Depression, anxiety and stress scale, as well as a special questionnaire created for the purpose of this research. Results: Compared to healthcare workers who worked in regular clinical conditions, healthcare workers who worked in the COVID-19 zone (N=203) had a higher degree of emotional exhaustion (t=2.78, p<0.01) and depersonalization (t=2.91, p<0.01). The regression model of emotional exhaustion explains 52% of its variance. Emotional exhaustion is increased the most by stress as a personality trait (ß=0.38, p<0.01), female gender (ß=0.30, p<0.01) and insufficient rest after work (ß=0.24, p <0.01). The depersonalization regression model explains 24% of its variance. Depersonalization increases the most with depression as a personality trait (ß=0.24, p<0.01). The regression model of personal accomplishment explains 31% of the variance, and the most important predictor is subjective well-being (ß=0.40, p<0.01). Conclusion: The dimensions of the burnout syndrome are directly related to subjective wellbeing and characteristics that indicate how prone healthcare workers are to experiencing stress and depression. Keywords: burnout syndrome, COVID-19, mental health, resilience, capacity for mentalizing, healthcare workers, subjective well-being