Poklonička putovanja: antropološko istraživanje predstava o manastirima Srpske pravoslavne crkve kod poklonika na početku 21. veka
Pilgrimage: an anthropology research of pilgrims perception of Serbian Orthodox Church monasteries at the beginning of the 21st century
Author
Anđelković, Biljana M.Mentor
Sinani, DanijelCommittee members
Radulović, Lidija B.Pavićević, Aleksandra
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Show full item recordAbstract
U ovoj doktorskoj disertaciji bavim se problematizacijom predstava o manastirima
kod poklonika Srpske pravoslavne crkve. Polazeći od činjenice da je naše razumevanje
stvarnosti posredovano kulturom uslovljenim predstavama, želela sam da ispitam proces
konstrukcije predstava o manastirima SPC. Za okvir ovog proučavanja uzeta su organizovana
poklonička putovanja, budući da je tu reč o složenoj interakciji različitih aktera (organizatori
putovanja/vodiči, monaštvo i poklonici) koji, svako na svoj način, pokazuju interes za
instituciju manastira. Tokom poslednjih nekoliko decenija u Srbiji ovaj vid pokloništva
postao je veoma popularan i masovan. Organizovanim pokloničkim putovanjima, s jedne
strane, pristupam kao načinu putovanja, a sa druge, kao načinu prenosa i širenja informacija o
manastirima Srpske pravoslavne crkve, gde se uočava izvesna mogućnost kontrolisanja
diskursa o manastirima, ali i o pravoslavlju uopšte. Takođe, ona mogu biti posmatrana kao
okvir unutar koga dolazi do konst...ruisanja i razmatranja osnovnih paradigmi srpskog
pravoslavlja: različiti akteri razmenjuju sopstveno iskustvo i znanje o manastirima
učvršćujući ili preispitujući postojeće modele verovanja i praksi. Putovanje u grupi do
pokloničkog odredišta ispunjeno je određenim, ne nužno religijskim sadržajem – istorijskim
podacima i pričama, promovisanjem određenog sistema vrednosti i mišljenja, zatim
definisanjem prakse vezane za odevanje i ponašanje, političkim stavovima, ali i tumačenjem
onoga što su poklonici čuli, videli i doživeli.
Fokusirajući se na organizovana poklonička putovanja želela sam da utvrdim na koji
način su manastiri, kao najčešća hodočasnička odredišta Srpske pravoslavne crkve,
predstavljeni na ovim putovanjima od organizatora putovanja i predstavnika Srpske
pravoslavne crkve, da otkrijem da li postoji usaglašenost diskursa u načinu na koji se o njima
govori, kao i kakav je individualni odgovor na ponuđene ili nametnute predstave koje dolaze
sa institucionalnog nivoa. Glavni zadaci istraživanja bili su, najpre, da se uradi formalna
analiza pokloničkih putovanja u savremenom periodu. To je podrazumevalo da se takva
putovanja detaljno opišu, uz stvaranje idealnog modela takvih putovanja, da se prepoznaju
njihovi glavni elementi i faze, kao i da se prepoznaju i opišu funkcije i međuodnos svih
elemenata. U tom smislu, kao najznačajniji, ali i najmanje poznati faktori, izdvajaju se
organizatori putovanja, koji se javljaju i kao medijatori, ali i kao autoriteti i pokretači
procesa, koji imaju sposobnost i moć da kontrolišu ceo proces, a samim tim i način i
intenzitet doživljavanja i predstavljanja manastira. Istraživanja su vršena sa ciljem da se
sagledaju značaj i uloga koje ova putovanja imaju u proizvodnji i distribuciji narativa o
različitim manastirima Srpske pravoslavne crkve, tj. da se proveri kakva je uloga pokloničkih
putovanja u konstruisanju predstava o manastirima Srpske pravoslavne crkve kod poklonika.
Doktorska disertacija se zasniva na etnografskim istraživanjima vršenim u periodu između
2013. i 2019. godine.
In this doctoral dissertation, I deal with the problematization of perceptions of
monasteries among the pilgrims of the Serbian Orthodox Church. Starting from the fact that
our understanding of reality is mediated by culture-conditioned ideas, I wanted to examine
the process of constructing perceptions of the monasteries of the Serbian Orthodox Church.
Organized pilgrimages were taken as the framework of this study, since it is a complex
interaction of different actors (tour operators and guides, monks and pilgrims) who, each in
their own way, show interest in the monastic institution. This type of pilgrimage has become
very popular and widespread during the last few decades in Serbia. On the one hand, I
approach organized pilgrimages as a way of traveling and on the other hand, as a way of
transmitting and disseminating information about the monasteries of the Serbian Orthodox
Church. In other words, there is a certain possibility of controlling the discourse about
monasteries, but al...so about Orthodoxy in general. Likewise, pilgrimages can be seen as a
framework within which the basic paradigms of Serbian Orthodoxy are constructed and
considered: different actors exchange their own experience and knowledge of monasteries,
consolidating or reexamining the existing models of beliefs and practices. The group trip to
the pilgrimage site is filled with certain, not necessarily, religious content - historical data and
stories, promoting a certain system of values and opinions, defining practices related to the
dressing and behavior, political attitudes, and also with interpreting what pilgrims heard, saw
and experienced.
By focusing on organized pilgrimages, I wanted to determine how monasteries, as the most
common pilgrimage destinations of the Serbian Orthodox Church, are represented in these
trips by tour operators and representatives of the Serbian Orthodox Church, to reveal if the
discourses of pilgrimages are harmonized, as well as what is the individual response to the
offered or imposed ideas that come from the institutional level. One of the main tasks of the
research was to make a formal analysis of pilgrimages in the modern period. This meant
describing such trips in detail, creating an ideal model thereof, identifying their main
elements and phases, and identifying and describing functions and interrelations of all the
elements. In this respect, travel operators stand out as the most important, but also the least
known factors. They also appear as mediators, as well as authorities and initiators of the
process, with the ability and power to control the whole process, and thus the intensity and
the way in which others experience and represent the monasteries. The purpose of research
was to understand the significance and role that these trips have in the making and
distribution of narratives about different monasteries of the Serbian Orthodox Church, i.e. to
verify the role of pilgrimages in constructing notions about the monasteries of the Serbian
Orthodox Church among pilgrims. The doctoral dissertation is based on ethnographic
research conducted in the period 2013–2019.