Konzervacija osolikih muva (Diptera: Syrphidae) i evaluacija PHA (Prime Hoverfly Areas) u Srbiji
Conservation of hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae) and evaluation of PHA (Prime Hoverfly Areas) in Serbia
Author
Јанковић, МаринаMentor
Vujić, AnteMiličić, Marija
Committee members
Radenković, SnežanaVujić, Ante
Miličić, Marija
Popov, Snežana
Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike
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U okviru disertacije je identifikovano 16 novih vrsta osolikih muva od konzervacionog značaja, kao i sedam novih područja značajnih za opstanak osolikih muva (Prime Hoverfly Area - PHA), čime su liste PHA vrsta i područja značajno proširene. Izvršena je procena efikasnosti PHA i zaštićenih područja u smislu konzervacije osolikih muva. Utvrđeno je da PHA područja u većoj meri pokrivaju područja visokog ukupnog diverziteta osolikih muva, kao i područja visokog diverziteta vrsta od konzervacionog značaja, u odnosu na zaštićena područja. Poređenjem lokaliteta na kojima je vršeno uzorkovanje i nasumično kreiranih lokaliteta, provereno je postojanje geografske pristrasnosti korišćenjem dva statistička testa. Utvrđeno je da postoji geografska pristrasnost prilikom uzorkovanja osolikih muva u Srbiji (u nekim slučajevima, pristrasnost je uzrokovana ekspertskim mišljenjem). Rezultati analiza su pokazali da postoji statistički značajna razlika u udaljenosti lokaliteta na kojima je vršeno uzorkova...nje do najbliže reke, naselja i puta u odnosu na udaljenost nasumično odabranih tačaka do pomenutih objekata. Takođe, uočeno je da su lokaliteti na kojima je vršeno uzorkovanje bliži rekama, naseljima i putevima, nego što je to slučaj sa nasumično odabranim tačkama. Provera uticaja ekspertize na detekciju vrsta prilikom uzorkovanja je izvršena uz pomoć Markov Chain Monte Carlo analize u okviru occupancy modela. Rezultati su ukazali da se timovi sastavljeni od istraživača sa značajnim terenskim iskustvom (A) i istraživača na početku karijere (B) značajno razlikuju u sposobnosti detekcije. Proveren je i uticaj drugih varijabli na detekciju vrsta uz pomoć Generalized Linear Mixed Effects modela (GLMM). U najboljem modelu kao varijable od značaja su se pokazale: dužina tela, obojenost, sposobnost leta, visina leta, zvuk i abundanca. Takođe, ukazano je na važnost svođenja pristrasnosti (geografske i svih ostalih tipova) pri uzorkovanju na minimum, kako bi podaci prikupljeni u terenskim istraživanjima opravdali svoju široku primenu u taksonomiji, sistematici, ali i biogeografskim i konzervacionim istraživanjima. Dobijeni rezultati će doprineti kreiranju konzervacionih planova koji su vezani za zaštitu osolikih muva u Srbiji.
Inflammation is immune response to damage, which results in the recovery of organism. If the mechanism of immune response is dysregulated, inflammation becomes chronic. Chronic inflammation is involved in some of the most severe diseases of the modern age. Numerous anti-inflammatory drugs are currently approved, but due to their low activity or contraindications an intensive research on new drugs is ongoing, and natural compounds are one of the possible, safe anti-inflammatory agents. On the other hand, eicosanoids, products of arachidonic acid metabolism, have an important role in physiological and pathophysiological processes, particularly inflammation. In the focus of this study were prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and thromboxane A2 (TXA2), one of the most important products of the cyclooxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism. Namely, the potential of polyphenols, as well as Plantago extracts and Merlot wine (a rich sources of polyphenols), to inhibit ...the production of PGE2 and TXA2 in infammation processes was investigated, followed by determination of their effect on expression of mRNA of the enzymes involved in synthesis of PGE2 and TXA2. In vitro model system, U937 monocytes and macrophages were used. Obtained results showed that modulation of cyclooxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism could be one of the mechanism of anti-inflammatory action of Plantago species and wine. During homeostasis, luteolin and luteolin-7-O-glucuronide were the most potent inhibitors of PGE2 and TXA2 production. During the initial phase of inflammation, pterostilbene showed the best potential in reduction of PGE2 production, while apigenin, luteolin-7-O-glucoside, resveratrol, gallic and ursolic acid were the most powerful inhibitors of TXA2 synthesis. Moreover, polyphenols modulate arachidonic acid metabolism at the mRNA expression level related to enzymes involved in the production of PGE2 and TXA2. In the late phase of inflammation, PGE2 production was greatly suppressed by phenolic acids, while resveratrol, gallic, and caffeic acid were the best modulators of TXA2 production. Polyphenols could exert influence on PGE2 and TXA2 production on different levels and through different mechanisms. Therefore, in order to obtain more effective inhibitors of PGE2 and TXA2 production in inflammation, further studies on potential synergistic effect of polyphenols are necessary.
Faculty:
Универзитет у Новом Саду, Природно-математички факултетDate:
21-09-2021Projects:
- Conservation strategy for protected and strictly protected hoverflies (Insecta: Diptera: Syrphidae) species in Serbia - Case study (RS-MESTD-Basic Research (BR or ON)-173002)