Sposobnost apsorpcije selena i biološka aktivnost ekstrakata micelije odabranih vrsta Basidiomycotina

Abstract

Lekovita svojstva gljiva baziraju se na prisustu velikog broja bioaktivnih jedinjenja kao što su polТsaСarТНТ, tОrpОnoТНТ, ОsОnМТУalnО amТno kТsОlТnО, nuklОotТНТ, nuklОТnskО kТsОlТnО, stОrolТ, nОгasТćОnО masnО kТsОlТnО Т НrugТ, kao Т гnačaУnog saНržaУa makro- i mikroelemenata i vitamina. Imaju sposobnost usvajanja neorganskog selena, njegove transformacije u organske, bolje iskoristljive, forme i akumulacije. CТlУОvТ ТstražТvanУa su bТlТ: (1) praćenje prinosa biomase micelije 8 vrsta makromiceta i efikasnosti apsorbcije selena pri kultivaciji u selenitom obogaćenom medijumu, (2) proučavanje efekta visokih koncentracija selena na produkciju micelije, morfologiju i ultrastrukturu hifa, kao i na kapacitet apsorpcije i akumulacije kod Pleurotus ostreatus i (γ) oНrОđТvanУО antioksidativnog, antifungalnog i citostatičkog potencijala ekstrakata nОobogaćОnО Т sОlОnom obogaćОnО micelije odabranih vrsta. NaУvТšТ prТnos bТomasО гabОlОžОn УО u mОНТУumu bОг sОlОna, Нok УО u nУОgovom prТsustvu Т sa povОćanУОm konМОntraМТУО uočОn lТnОarnТ paН proНukМТУО. Ganoderma applanatum УО Тmala naТvТšТ prТnos (27.8 g/L), dok je najmanja produkcija izmerena kod Lenzites betulinus (5.2 g/L). Vrednosti apsorbovanog selena su se kretale u opsegu od 1.4 μg/g (Pleurotus eryngii) do 20.3 μg/g (P. ostreatus). Produkcija biomase P. ostreatus УО bТla naУvОća u oНsustvu sОlОna (11.8 g/L), koncentracije od 5.0, 10.0 i 20.0 mg/L nТsu ТmalО ОПОkat na rast mТМОlТУО, vТšО konМОntraМТУО su гnačaУno ТnСТbТralО prТnos biomase, a koncentracija od 1000.0 mg/L je bila MIC. KolТčТna apsorbovanog sОlОna sО kretala u opsegu od 251.2 μg/g (pri koncentraciji u medijumu od 5.0 mg/L) do 938.9 μg/g (20.0 mg/L), a procenat usvajanja od 3.6% (100.0 mg/L) do 53.3% (5.0 mg/L). Pri koncentracijama od 100.0 mg/L i 500.0 mg/L uočОna УО poУava МТgla-crvenkaste boje micelije sa гnačaУnТm morПološkТm Т ultrastrukturnТm promОnama u porОđОnУu sa kontrolom: manУa gustТna СТПa, tanak ćОlТУskТ гТН sa ТгražОnТm ОkstraМОlularnТm matrТksom, učОstalТУa sОptТranost a rОđО grananУО СТПa Т poУava klamp-vОгa. CТtološkom analТгom УО utvrđОno Нa УО sОlОn akumulТran naУvОćТm НОlom u ćОlТУskoУ mОmbranТ Т vakuolama, Нok su promОnО na ćОlТУskom гТНu bТlО nОгnatnО. Antioksidativni kapacitet nОobogaćОnТС Т sОlОnom obogaćОnТС Оtanolnih ekstrakata micelije testiranih vrsta zavisio je od vrste i koncentracije ekstrakta. Na osnovu EC50 vrednosti ekstrakata antioksidativna aktivnost je opadala slОНОćТm rОНoslОНom: L. betulinus > G. lucidum > G. applanatum > P. pulmonarius > P. ostreatus > P. eryngii > T. hirsuta > F. velutipes...

Medicinal properties of mushrooms are based on presence of numerous bioactive compounds, such as polysaccharides, terpenoids, essential amino acids, nucleotids, necleic acids, sterols, unsaturated fatty acids etc., as well as on significant content of micro- and macroelements and vitamins. Mushrooms have ability to absorb inorganic selenium, to transform it to organic and better bio-available forms and to accumulate it. The aims of the researche: (1) study of mycelial biomass production and efficiency of selenium absorption during cultivation in selenite-enriched medium, (2) study of effect of high selenium concentration on mycelium production, morphology and ultrastructure of hyphae, as well as capacity of its absorption and acumulation in Pleurotus ostreatus and (3) determination of antioxidant, antifungal and cytotoxic potential of non-amended and selenium-amended mycelia of selected species. The highest biomass yield was noted in the non-amended medium, while in the selenium presence and with increase of its concentration linear decrease of production was observed. Ganoderma applanatum was characterized by the best yield (27.8 g/L), while the lowest production was measured in Lenzites betulinus (5.2 g/L). Values of absorbОН sОlОnТum аОrО rangОН bОtаООn 1.4 μg/g (Pleurotus eryngii) anН β0.γ μg/g (P. ostreatus). Biomass production in P. ostreatus was the highest in selenium absence (11.8 g/L), concentrations of 5.0, 10.0 and 20.0 mg/L had no any effect on mycelium growth, higher concentrations significantly inhibited yield, and concentration of 1000.0 mg/L was MIC. Amount of absorbed selenium was in range from β51.β μg/g (at medium concentration of 5.0 mg/L) to 938.9 μg/g (20.0 mg/L), and percentage of absorption from 3.6% (100.0 mg/L) to 53.3% (5.0 mg/L). Appearance of mycelium of brick-red colour with significant morphological and ultrastructural changes in comparison with the control was observed at the concentrations of 100.0 mg/L and 500.0 mg/L. Hyphal density was lower, the cell wall was thick with more expressed extracellular matrix, septa were abundant, and branch frequency and occurrence of clamp-connections were rare. Cytological analysis demonstrated that majority of selenium was accumulated in cell membrane and vacuoles, while changes at cell wall was insignificant. Antioxidant capacity of non-amended and selenium amended mycelium extract of tested species depended on species and extract concentration. Based on extract EC50 value, antioxidant activity decreased in the following order: L. betulinus > G. lucidum > G. applanatum > P. pulmonarius > P. ostreatus > P. eryngii > T. hirsuta > F. velutipes...