Ekofiziološke karakteristike nekih drvenastih vrsta biljaka i njihov potencijal za revitalizaciju deponije pepela termoelektrana
The ecophysiological characteristics of various woody plant species and their potential for revitalising fly ash deposits at thermoelectric power plants
Doktorand
Kostić, Olga A.Mentor
Knežević, MilanČlanovi komisije
Pavlović, PavleCvjetićanin, Rade
Mitrović, Miroslava
Košanin, Olivera
Metapodaci
Prikaz svih podataka o disertacijiSažetak
Revitalizacija deponija pepela zasnivanjem biljnog pokrivača predstavlja postupak
kojim se najbolje može umanjiti rizik za životnu sredinu i zdravlje ljudi. Uspostavljanje
biljnog pokrivača, setvom zeljastih i sadnjom drvenastih vrsta biljaka, obezbeđuje fizičku
i hemijsku stabilizaciju pepela, sprečava eroziju vetrom i smanjuje disperziju toksičnih
hemijskih elemenata u životnu sredinu. Selekcija biljnih vrsta u tom smislu je važan faktor
koji determiniše efikasnost postupka revitalizacije deponije. Istraživanja koja su predmet
ove teze, sprovedena su na deponiji pepela termoelektrane ‘Nikola Tesla A’ u
Obrenovcu (‘TENT A’), koja zauzima 382 ha plodnog obradivog zemljišta, na desnoj
obali reke Save i to: na aktivnoj laguni (L0) u koju se mešavina pepela i vode (1:10)
hidraulički doprema i na dve pasivne lagune, L1 starosti tri godine i L2 starosti
jedanaest godina, na kojima se sprovodi proces privremenog-kratkotrajnog biološkog
obnavljanja pasivnih laguna deponije. Cilj istraživanja ...bio je definisanje abiotičkih
faktora koji limitiraju opstanak i rast biljaka biljaka na lagunama deponije pepela
različite starosti, kao i ispitivanje ekofizioloških, biohemijskih i morfoloških
karakteristika i proučavanje adaptivnog odgovora drvenastih vrsta biljaka na efekte
multipnog stresa. Istraživanjima su obuhvaćene dve sađene vrste, tamariks (Tamarix
tetrandra Pall.) i bagrem (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) i dve spontano kolonizovane vrste,
bagrenac (Amorpha fruticosa L.) i bela topola (Populus alba L.), koje su na prostor
deponije dospele sa okolnih staništa. Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata procenjen je njihov
kapacitet za opstanak u uslovima deponije i potencijal za sadnju u svrhu revitalizacije
ovakvih staništa.
Utvrđeno je da limitirajuće faktore za opstanak i rast biljaka na deponiji pepela
‘TENT A’, predstavljaju nepovoljne fizičke i hemijke karakteristike pepela (peskovit
mehanički sastav koji uslovljava mali sadržaj vode dostupne biljkama, fina tekstura i
obrazovanje cementnih slojeva koji ometaju ukorenjavanje biljaka, povišen salinitet i
alkalnost, toksičnost As, B, Cu, Mo, Se, Cr i Ni i deficit C, N, P, Mn i Zn).
Deponovanje pepela u vlažnim lagunama i njegova izloženost atmosferskim prilikama
(weathered ash), njegova biorekultivacija i spontano naseljavanje biljaka, pozitivno su
se odrazili na promenu početnih, veoma nepovoljnih fizičkih i hemijskih karakteristika...
The revitalisation of fly ash deposits through the formation of a plant cover is a
practice which can best reduce the risk to the environment and human health.
Establishing a plant cover through sowing herbaceous plants and planting woody
species ensures the physical and chemical stabilisation of the ash, prevents wind
erosion, and reduces the dispersal of toxic, chemical elements into the environment. The
choice of plant species for this purpose is an important factor which determines how
effective the revitalisation of the ash deposit site will be. The research that is the subject of
this study was carried out at the fly ash deposits at the 'Nikola Tesla A' thermoelectric
power plant in Obrenovac ('TENT A'), which covers an area of 382 ha of fertile cultivated
land on the right bank of the River Sava. More specifically, it focussed on an active lagoon
(L0), into which a pulp of ash and water (1:10) is sluiced, and two passive lagoons - L1,
weathered for three years, and L2, weathered... for 11 years, where the process of the
temporary, short-term biological restoration of these inactive ash deposit lagoons is being
carried out. The aim of the research was to define the abiotic factors which limit the
survival and growth of plants at fly ash deposit lagoons weathered for different lengths of
time, as well as to investigate ecophysiological, biochemical and morphological
characteristics, and to study the adaptive responses of woody plant species to the effects of
multiple stress. The study focussed on two planted species, tamarisk (Tamarix tetrandra
Pall.) and black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) and two naturally colonized species
false indigo (Amorpha fruticosa L.) and white poplar (Populus alba L.), which
colonized the ash deposit sites from surrounding habitats. On the basis of the results
obtained, these species’ capacity for survival in the conditions encountered at a fly ash
deposit site and their potential for being planted with the aim of revitalising this type of
habitat were assessed.
It was established that the limiting factors for plant survival and growth at the ‘TENT
A’ fly ash deposits were the unfavourable physical and chemical characteristics of the
ash (its sandy composition which results in a low water content available to plants; its
fine texture and the formation of cemented layers in the ash that hinder the rooting of
plants; increased salinity and alkalinity; As, B, Cu, Mo, Se, Cr and Ni toxicity; and C,
N, P, Mn and Zn deficiency)...
Fakultet:
Универзитет у Београду, Шумарски факултетDatum odbrane:
06-11-2014Projekti:
- Ekofiziološke adaptivne strategije biljaka u uslovima multipnog stresa (RS-MESTD-Basic Research (BR or ON)-173018)