Relacije morfoloških i kinetičkih parametara sa visinom skoka kod odbojkašica različite takmičarske uspešnosti

Abstract

U ovom istraživanju, na osnovu primarnog cilja definisani su uticaji morfoloških i kinetičkih parametara na visinu skoka kod odbojkašica različite takmičarske uspešnosti. Na osnovu sekundarnih ciljeva, utvrđeno je u kojoj meri morfološki i kinetički parametri utiču na visinu različitih skova u odnosu na nivo utreniranosti, i definisani su modeli predikcije različitih skova na osnovu morfoloških i kinetičkih varijabli. U istraživanju je učestvovalo 63 ispitanice, podeljene u tri grupe. Prvu grupu ispitanica činilo je 18 vrhunski treniranih odbojkašica. Odbojkašice su bile aktivne elitne takmičarke, članice seniorske reprezentacije Srbije (OS) i učesnice na Evropskom ili Svetskom prvenstvu, odnosno na Olimpijskim igrama. Drugu grupu ispitanica činilo je 20 odbojkašica aktivnih takmičarki u nacionalnim klubovima Super lige Srbije (SL). Treću, Kontrolnu grupu (KG) ispitanica činilo je 25 sportsko-rekreativno aktivnih studentkinja Univerziteta u Beogradu. Merni opseg definisan je na osnovu 65 varijabli podeljenih u 3 dimenzije to: 1) telesni sastav, 2) dinamički pokazatelji, 3) kontraktilne karakteristike izometrijske sile mišića opružača nogu. Protokol testiranja sastojao se od tri sesije izvedene u jednom danu. U prvoj sesiji meren je telesni sastav pomoću bioelektrične impedanse (BIA), primenom osmopolarne multifrekventne metode (InBody720, Biospace Co., Seoul, Korea). U drugoj sesiji, merene su dinamičke performanse (različiti skokovi uvis). Zadatak ispitanica je bio da ostvari maksimalnu visinu skoka, u skladu sa svojom ličnom tehnikom. Izvršeno je merenje visine različitih skokova i to: skok uvis bez zamaha rukama, skok uvis sa zamahom rukama, skok u blok, skok uvis sa prethodnim saskokom sa klupice visine 40 cm. U trećoj sesiji, merena je kontraktilna karakteristika mišića opružača nogu u izometrijskim uslovima naprezanja. Zadatak ispitanica je bio da u sedećem položaju ostvare maksimalni izometrijski mišićni napor tj. tenziju, u što kraćem vremenskom periodu (pozicija bilateralnog guranja nogama). Testiranje je vi realizovano u izometrijskim uslovima naprezanja pri uglu natkolenice i potkolenice od 120°, odnosno pri uglu potkolenice i stopala od 90°...

This research set as the primary goal to define the influences of morphological and kinetic parameters on the jump height of female volleyball players of different levels of competitiveness. On the basis of secondary goals, the level of influence of morphological and kinetic parameters on the jump height compared to the level of training has been determined, and models for predicting various jumps on the basis of morphological and kinetic variables have been defined. The research included 63 female examinees, divided into three groups. The first group comprised 18 top trained volleyball players. The players were active elite competitors, members of Serbian senior selection (OS) and participants at the European or World championships, or at the Olympic Games. The second group comprised 20 volleyball players that were active competitors at the national clubs of the Super league of Serbia (SL). The third, control group (KG) comprised 25 female students of the University of Belgrade that practiced physical exercises for recreation purposes. Testing range has been defined on the basis of 65 variables divided into 3 dimensions: 1) body composition, 2) dynamic indicators, 3) contractile characteristics of leg extensors isometric force. Testing protocol comprised three sessions performed on the same day. The first session measured body composition using bioimpedance (BIA) and 8-polar multifrequency method (InBody720, Biospace Co., Seoul, Korea). In the second session, dynamic performances (different jump heights) were measured. The examinees had the task to achieve maximum jump height by using their personal preferred technique. Height of different jumps had been measured, in particular: jump without arm swing, jump with arm swing, block jump, jump with previous pre-jump from a 40 cm high bench. The third session measured contractile characteristics in isometric conditions of extension. The task of the examinees was to achieve a maximum isometric muscle effort, i.e. tension in the shortest amount of time (the position of ix bilateral leg press). The testing has been realized in isometric conditions of force with their thigh and lower leg at an angle of 120°, and lower leg and foot angle at an angle of 90° respectively...