Uticaj starosti brojlerskih roditelja hibrida COBB 500 i dužine skladištenja jaja na efikasnost inkubacije pilića
The effect of hybrid COBB 500 broiler parents' age and egg storage period length on chicken incubation efficiency
Author
Stanišić, Goran L.Mentor
Mitrović, SretenCommittee members
Petrović, MilicaPerić, Lidija
Bogosavljević-Bošković, Snežana
Đermanović, Vladan
Metadata
Show full item recordAbstract
U cilju utvrđivanja produktivnih i reproduktivnih osobina brojlerskih roditelja
hibrida Cobb 500 sprovedena su istraživanja na jednom matičnom jatu koje je gajeno od 23.
do 60. nedelje starosti (38 nedelja). U toku istraživanja praćeni su sledeći proizvodno –
reproduktivni parametri: intenzitet nosivosti jaja različitih kategorija, mortalitet i vitalnost
roditeljskih parova, utrošak hrane po grlu i proizvedenom jajetu. Posebna pažnja data je
reproduktivnim osobinama, tj. proizvodnji jednodnevnih brojlerskih pilića, kao finalnog
proizvoda. Osnovni cilj rada bio je utvrđivanje uticaja pojedinih paragenetskih faktora na
rezultate inkubacije, u prvom redu, starosti brojlerskih roditelja (SR) i perioda skladištenja
jaja, odnosno starosti jaja (SJ). U tri faze proizvodnog ciklusa gajenja, odnosno različite
starosti brojlerskih roditelja (SR25, SR41 i SR58) i kod jaja skladištenih do 7 i preko 7 dana
(SJ<7 i SJ>7) utvrđeni su: masa jaja različitih kategorija, oplođenost jaja, izvodl...jivost pilića,
embrionalni mortalitet u toku inkubacionog perioda (rani, srednji i kasni), masa
jednodnevnih pilića, relativni udeo pileta u masi jajeta, kao i fenotipska korelaciona (rp)
povezanost između većine praćenih reproduktivnih pokazatelja. Pored osnovnih
produktivnih i reproduktivnih parametara utvrđivan je uticaj starosti brojlerskih roditelja po
fazama proizvodnog ciklusa i dužine skladištenja, odnosno starosti jaja na embrionalni
razvoj pilića i rezultate inkubacije.
Posmatrano po fazama gajenja, brojlerski roditelji su najbolje proizvodne, odnosno
reproduktivne vrednosti pokazali sredinom proizvodnog ciklusa (SR41), u odnosu na
početnu (SR25) i završnu fazu (SR58) produkcije jaja za nasad. U tom periodu po useljenoj
nosilji proizvedeno je 5,08 jaja, 4,74 oplođenih jaja, 4,40 jednodnevnih pilića, dok je
prosečan dnevni utrošak hrane po useljenom grlu iznosio 181,00 g. Prosečna masa jaja
skladištenih do 7 dana je bila u optimalnim granicama, i iznosila je 63,11 g., oplođenost jaja
iznosila je 97,43%, leženost pilića 87,62% (od inkubiranih jaja), odnosno 89,93% (od
oplođenih jaja). Masa jednodnevnih pilića bila je na zadovoljavajućem nivou (44,02 g) i
relativni udeo pileta u masi jajeta iznosio je 69,73%. Pored toga, starost brojlerskih roditelja
je uticala na povećanje mase jaja (P<0,001) i izleženih pilića (P<0,001), dok se procenat
pileta u masi jajeta smanjivao, a period skladištenja jaja, kod sve tri faze proizvodnog
ciklusa, negativno je uticao na procenat pileta, tj. sa produžavanjem perioda skladištenja
jaja, relativni udeo pileta u masi jajeta se smanjivao, posebno u početnoj (SR25) i završnoj
fazi (SR58) proizvodnog ciklusa (P<0,001).
The research was conducted on one breeding flock of hybrid Cobb 500 broiler parents
bred in the interval between 23rd and 60th week of age with the objective of determining
their production and reproduction characteristics. The following production –
reproduction parameters were inspected: carrying capacity of different category eggs,
mortality and vitality of parents couples, the consumption of food per head and per egg
produced. Special attention was paid on reproduction characteristics, i.e. on the
production of diurnal broiler chicken as a final product. The main objective of this
doctoral dissertation was to determine the effect of certain paragenetic factors, primarily
broiler parents’ age (PA) and storage eggs period i.e. eggs age (EA), on incubation
results. In the course of the three stages of production breeding cycle, i.e. regarding
different age of broiler parents (PA25, PA41 and PA58) and regarding eggs stored up to
seven and over seven days (EA<7and EA>7), the ...following was substantiated: different
category eggs mass, the degree of fertilization of eggs, chicken feasibility, embryo
mortality during incubation period (early, middle, late), diurnal chicken mass, the
relative proportion of chicken in the egg mass, and phenotype correlative (rp)
relatedness among the majority of observed reproduction indicators. Beside basic
production and reproduction parameters, the effect of broiler parents’ age during the
stages of the production cycle and storage period length i.e. eggs age on chicken embryo
development and incubation results was substantiated.
Observing each breeding stage, broiler parents showed the best production and
reproduction values in the middle of the production cycle. Namely, compared to the
initial (PA25) and final (PA58) stage of clutch eggs production, broiler parents had the
best production and reproduction characteristics in the middle of the production cycle
(PA41). In this period, 5.08 eggs, 4.74 fertilized eggs and 4.40 diurnal chickens were
produced per occupied layer hen, whereas the average daily consumption of food was
181.00 g per occupied head. The average mass of eggs stored up to seven days was
63.11 g, which falls within the optimal boundaries, the fertilization of eggs was 97.43%,
chicken hatching was 87.62% among incubated eggs and 89.93% among fertilized eggs.
Diurnal chicken mass was on a satisfying level (44.02 g) and a relative proportion of
chicken in the egg mass was 69.73%. Besides, broiler parents’ age caused the egg mass
increase (P<0.001) and hatched chicken increase (P<0.001), whereas the percentage of
chicken in the egg mass decreased. Egg storage period, in each of the three stages of the
production cycle, negatively affected the chicken percentage: with the prolongation of
egg storage period, the relative proportion of chicken in egg mass was reduced,
especially in the initial (PA25) and final (PA58) stage of production cycle (P<0.001).