Diverzitet, biološka i molekularna karakterizacija virusa tikava i epidemologija oboljenja u Srbiji
Diversity, biological and molecular characterization of cucurbit viruses and disease epidemiology in Serbia
Doktorand
Vučurović, Ana B.Mentor
Krstić, BrankaČlanovi komisije
Berenji, JanošPetrović-Obradović, Olivera
Ivanović, Mirko
Bulajić, Aleksandra
Metapodaci
Prikaz svih podataka o disertacijiSažetak
U periodu od 2007. do 2011. godine na 61 lokalitetu gajenja tikava u Srbiji
utvrđeno je stalno prisustvo virusa sa visokim intenzitetom zaraze. Učestalost virusne
zaraze se po godinama mijenjala i kretala od 30-50% u 2007. godini, preko izuzetno
visokih 80% u epidemijskoj 2008. godini, da bi tokom naredne dvije godine bila
konstantna i kretala se oko 40%. U posljednjoj godini ispitivanja zaraza je ponovo
dostigla čak 60%. Serološkim testiranjem 1100 uzoraka sakupljenih sa 19 vrsta, sorti i
varijeteta tikava detektovano je prisustvo tri virusa: virusa žutog mozaika cukinija
(Zucchini yellow mosaic virus, ZYMV), virusa mozaika lubenice (Watermelon mosaic
virus, WMV) i virusa mozaika krastavca (Cucumber mosaic virus, CMV). Dodatnim
testiranjem simptomatičnih uzoraka detektovano je prisustvo virusa žutila tikava
perzistentno prenosivog vašima (Cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus, CABYV), što
predstavlja prvi nalaz ovog virusa u Srbiji i virusa bronzavosti paradajza (Tomato
spotted wilt viru...s, TSWV), što je prvi nalaz ovog virusa na tikvama u Srbiji, ali i prvi
nalaz u prirodnoj infekciji na Cucurbita maxima u svijetu. Najzastupljeniji virus tokom
pet godina ispitivanja bio je ZYMV. Tokom prve dvije godine najčešće su bile
detektovane miješane infekcije, a u poslednje tri godine pojedinačne.
U okviru ovih istraživanja dokazano je prenošenje ZYMV sjemenom Cucurbita
pepo var. styriaca, C. maxima i C. moschata. Utvrđena je zaraženost jednogodišnjih i
višegodišnjih korovskih biljaka, koje su prisutne u vrijeme zasnivanja usjeva tikava i u
početnim fazama vegetacije, sa ZYMV, WMV, CMV i TSWV. Najzastupljeniji je bio TSWV, a njegovo prisustvo je dokazano u osam različitih korovskih vrsta, sljedeći po
zastupljenosti je bio CMV, dokazan u sedam vrsta korova, dok su ZYMV i WMV bili
slični po zastupljenosti, a dokazani su u pet, odnosno četiri korovske vrste. Pokazan je
visok diverzitet biljnih vaši koje posjećuju usjeve tikava kroz determinaciju 57 taksona.
Najzastupljenije vrste vaši bile su Aphis fabae, Anoecia corni, Aphis gossypii, Myzus
persicae i Acyrthosiphon pisum. Najveći diverzitet i najveća brojnost vrsta vaši bila je u
prvim nedjeljama po nicanju biljaka.
Detekcija i identifikacija do nivoa vrste svih prouzrokovača virusnih oboljenja
na tikvama u Srbiji potvrđena je primjenom RT-PCR metode i odgovarajućih specifičnih prajmera i sekvencioniranjem. Fenotipska varijabilnost i krug domaćina za
ZYMV, WMV i CMV ispitivani su primjenom biotesta na ukupno 45 test biljaka...
In the period from 2007 to 2011 constant high levels of viral infections were
detected in 61 cucurbit growing localities in Serbia. The frequency of viral infection
fluctuated over the years, ranging from 30-50% in 2007, to the extremely high 80% in
the epidemic year of 2008, while it was constant and around 40% in the next two years.
In the last year of investigation, the frequency reached a very high level of 60%.
Serological testing of 1100 collected samples proved the presence of three viruses:
Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV), Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV) and
Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). Additional testing of symptomatic samples revealed
the presence of Cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus (CABYV), which represents the
first detection of CABYV in Serbia, and Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), which is
the first report of TSWV on cucurbits in Serbia and the first report of Cucurbita maxima
as natural host plant worldwide. ZYMV was the most prevalent virus during this five
year sur...vey. Mixed infections were the most frequent infection type in the first two
years, while single infection prevailed in the last three years of investigation.
During this investigation, transmission of ZYMV by seeds of C. pepo var.
styriaca, C. maxima and C. moschata was proved. Both annual and perennial weeds,
which are present during the establishment of cucurbit crops, and in the beginning
stages of vegetation, were infected with ZYMV, WMV, CMV and TSWV. The most
prevalent was TSWV which was detected in eight different weed species, the second
most prevalent virus in weeds was CMV, detected in seven different weed species,
while the prevalence of ZYMV and WMV was similar and they were detected in five
and four weed species, respectively. A high diversity of aphids which are visiting
cucurbit crops was detected through the determination of 57 aphid taxons. The most
common aphid species were Aphis fabae, Anoecia corni, Aphis gossypii, Myzus persicae
and Acyrthosiphon pisum. The greatest diversity and the largest number of aphids were
detected in the first few weeks after plant sprouting.
The detection and identification of the species level for all five cucurbit viruses
in Serbia were confirmed by RT-PCR method and suitable specific primers. Bioassay on 45 test plants was used to determine phenotypic variability and host range for
ZYMV, WMV and CMV...