Mobilizacija i biodostupnost makro i mikroelemenata iz pepela termoelektrane "Kolubara"

Abstract

Poslednjih decenija nagli razvoj industrije doveli su do sve bržeg zagađivanja životne sredine (zemljišta, vode i vazduha), globalnog zagrevanja i klimatskih promena. Povećane koncentracije teških metala predstavljaju veoma otrovne zagađivače opasne po zdravlje ljudi. U ovom radu određivana je pokretljivost metala sa zemljišta deponije termoelektrane Kolubara A, kao i akumulacija ovih elemenata u pojedine delove biljke Conyza canadensis L, (koren, stablo i cvet). U prvom delu rada ispitivani su makro i mikro elementi u uzorcima elektrofilterskog pepela, pepela aktivne kasete i pepela pasivne kasete nastale taloženjem pepela u zemljištu-deponiji termoelektrane Kolubara A na dve dubine: od 30-50 cm (PA) i od 50-80 cm (PB). Uzorci elektrofilterskog pepela, pepela aktivne i pasivne kasete na dve različite dubine deponije termoelektrane Kolubara A, podvrgnuti su izmenjenoj sekvencijalnoj ekstrakciji koja je obuhvatala pet faza. Sekvencijalna ekstrakcija se sastojala od ekstrakcija bidestilovanom vodom, 1M rastvorom amonijum-acetata, zatim rastvorom 0.2M rastvora amonijum oksalata i 0.2M rastvora oksalne kiseline, potom sa kiselim rastvorom 30% vodonik-peroksida i na kraju sa 6M hlorovodoničnom kiselinom. Uzorci biljke su rastvarani u mikrotalasnoj pećnici pomoću azotne kiseline i kiselog rastvora vodonik-peroksida. Određivane su koncentracije sledećih elemenata: As, Al, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Ni, Pb i Zn metodom induktivno spregnute plazme sa optičkom emisionom spektrometrijom (ICP/OES). Računanjem koncentracija ovih elemenata i primenom multivarijantnih statističkih metoda, određeni su mogući izvori zagađivanja na ovom lokalitetu. U cilju proučavanja uticaja kontaminacije pepela i zemlje na dinamiku usvajanja i nakupljanja teških metala u delovima biljke Conyza canadensis L, u drugom delu rada vršena su eksperimentalna određivanja kako zemljišta pasivne kasete deponije „B” termoelektrane Kolubara A, tako i određivanje akumuliranih i translociranih elemenata u korenu, stablu i cvetu biljke Conyza canadensis L. Ispitivanje je obuhvatilo mogućnost korišćenja ove biljke u fitoremedijaciji, kao i da li ona ima i hiperakumulacione osobine...

In last decades rapid industrial development is causing increase of environmental pollution (soil, water, and air), resulting with global warming and climate changes. Increased concentrations of hard metals in our environment present very poisonous pollutants, dangerously affecting peoples health. In this research paper (dissertation) was being determined the mobility of metals from landfill land power plant Kolubara A, as well as the accumulation of these elements in the individual parts of the plant Conyza canadensis L, (root, stem and flower) and their further mobility. In the first part of research paper macro and micro elements were examined in samples of electrofilter ash, ash of active cassette and ash of passive cassette that are generated in process depositing ash in soil-landfill land power plant Kolubara A on two depths: from 30-50 cm (PA) and from 50-80 cm (PB). Samples electrofilter ash, ash of active and passive cassette on two depth landfill land powerplant Kolubara A were exposed changed sequential extraction in five phases. Sequential extraction water consist of extractions with double-distilled water, 1 M solution of oxalic acid, after that with acid solution 30% hydrogen peroxide and at the end with 6M hydrochloric acid. Plant samples were dissolved in microwave oven by means of nitric acid and acid solution of hydrogen peroxide. Concentrations of following elements was determined: As, Al, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Ni, Pb and Zn, applying inductive coupled plasma method with optical emission spectrometry (ICP/OES). Calculating concentration of these elements and applying multivariantstatistical methods, possible pollution sources were identified at these localities. The goal of study was contamination impact on ash and soil on dynamics adopting and collecting hard metal in the individual parts of plant Conyza canadensis L, and in the second part of the study soil-landfill land of passive cassette „B” power plant Kolubara A was examined, as well as levels of accumulated and translocated elements in root, steam and flower of plant Conyza canadensis L. Examination was focused on possibility using this plant in phytoremediation, and defining its hyperaccumulator properties...