Nutritivna, hemijska i biološka karakterizacija morskih algi Halimeda tuna, Codium bursa, Cystoseira barbata i morske trave Cymodocea nodosa iz Jadranskog mora
Nutritional, chemical and biological characterisation of seaweeds Halimeda tuna, Codium bursa, Cystoseira barbata and seagrass Cymodocea nodosa from the Adriatic Sea
Докторанд
Milović, SanjaМентор
Stanković, IvanЧланови комисије
Kundaković-Vasović, TatjanaStanojković, Tatjana
Petović, Slavica
Метаподаци
Приказ свих података о дисертацијиСажетак
Predmet istraživanja ove doktorske disertacije su tri morske alge: Halimeda tuna (J.
Ellis & Solander) J.V. Lamouroux (Halimedaceae), Codium bursa (Olivi) C. Agardh
(Codiaceae), Cystoseira barbata (Stackhouse) C. Agardh (Sargassaceae) i morska
trava Cymodocea nodosa (Urcia) Ascherson (Cymodoceaceae) iz Jadranskog mora.
Nutritivna vrednost odabranih uzoraka je ispitivana korišćenjem zvaničnih AOAC
(Association of Official Analytical Chemists) metoda. Najveću energetsku vrednost, u
navedenim ispitivanjima, imala je zelena alga C. bursa (490,4 kcal).
Metodom hladne maceracije u trajanju od 48 sati, dobijena su tri polarna ekstrakta:
dihlormetan : metanolni (1:1) (DME), 70% metanolni i vodeni ekstrakt. Suvi ekstrakti su dalje
korišćeni za biološka in vitro ispitivanja kao što su: antioksidativna, antimikrobna, anti α-
glukozidazna i citotoksična aktivnost. DME ekstrakt H. tuna je pokazao najbolju citotoksičnu
aktivnost prema ćelijama humanog karcinoma kolona, LS174 (IC50=17,92 ± 1,54 μg/ml...).
DME ekstrakt C. nodosa je pokazao snažnu citotoksičnu aktivnost prema ćelijama humanog
adenokarcinoma, HeLa (IC50=13,28 ± 0,39 μg/ml) i prema ćelijama humane hronične
mijelogene leukemije, K562 (IC50=19,64 ± 1,55 μg/ml). Najbolju anti α-glukozidaznu
aktivnost (IC50=9,98 ± 3,34 μg/ml) i najbolju antibakterijsku aktivnost (MIC 100 μg/ml)
prema Staphylococcus aureus i Bacillus subtilis je ispoljio DME ekstrakt C. barbata.
Razvojom odgovarajuće HPLC metode, kao i primenom odgovarajućih metoda
detekcije identifikovana su tri jedinjenja (diosmetin-7-sulfat, kaftarinska i kutarinska kiselina)
u DME ekstraktu morske trave C. nodosa.
Sadržaj β-glukana, masnih kiselina, sterola i mikro- i makroelemenata je ispitivan u
svim navedenim uzorcima. Najveći sadržaj β-glukana bio je u morskoj travi C. nodosa (13,04
± 0,42 g/100 g). C. nodosa, morska trava, pokazala je najviši sadržaj polinezasićenih masnih
kiselina (PUFA, 7,157 mg/g). Značajan sadržaj sterola (fukosterol, 21,76 ± 0,1 μg/g) i najbolji
odnos polinezasićenih i zasićenih (SFA) masnih kiselina, PUFA/SFA (0,08) pokazan je kod
mrke alge C. barbata. Zelene alge, C. bursa i H. tuna, imale su najveći saržaj sterola (β-
sitosterol, 95,21 ± 0,16 μg/g i 73,90 ± 0,08 μg/g, respektivno). Najviši sadržaj kalcijuma (Ca),
u količini od 55125 μg/g, detektovan je kod alge H. tuna.
The research subject of doctoral dissertation were three seaweeds: Halimeda tuna (J.
Ellis & Solander) J.V. Lamouroux (Halimedaceae), Codium bursa (Olivi) C. Agardh
(Codiaceae), Cystoseira barbata (Stackhouse) C. Agardh (Sargassaceae) and the one
seagrass Cymodocea nodosa (Urcia) Acherson (Cymodoceaceae) from the Adriatic Sea.
Nutritional value of selected samples were investigated by official AOAC
(Association of Official Analytical Chemists) methods. The highest energy value had the
green seaweed C. bursa (490,4 kcal).
Using the cold maceration extraction, lasting 48 h, the three polar extracts were
obtained: dichlormetan: methanol (1:1) (DME), 70 % methanol and aquous extracts. The dry
extracts were further used for biological in vitro investigations, such as: antioxidative,
antimicrobial, anti α-glucosidase and cytotoxic activity.
DME extract of H. tuna has shown the best cytotoxic activity against human colon
carcinoma cell line, LS174 (IC50=17,92 ± 1,54 μg/ml). DME extract of C. ...nodosa had strong
cytotoxicity against human adenocarcinoma cell line, HeLa (IC50=13,28 ± 0,39 μg/ml) and
human chronic myelogenous leukaemia cell line, K562 (IC50=19,64 ± 1,55 μg/ml). The best
anti α-glucosidase (IC50=9,98 ± 3,34 μg/ml) and best antibacterial activity (minimal inhibitory
concentration of 100 μg/ml) for Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis was
demonstrated in DME extract of seagrass C. nodosa.
Developing the appropriate HPLC method, accompained with the appropriate
detection methods, the three compounds were identified (diosmetin-7-sulfate, caftaric and
coutaric acid) in the DME extract of seagrass C. nodosa.
The content of β-glucan, fatty acids, sterols and micro- and macroelements were
investigated in all samples. The highest content of β-glucan was detected in C. nodosa
seagrass (13,04 ± 0,42 g/100 g). C. nodosa had also the highest level of polyunsaturated fatty
acids (PUFAs) (7,157 mg/g). Significant sterol content (fucosterol, 21,76 ± 0,1 μg/g) and the
best ratio of polyunsaturated and saturated (SFA) fatty acids, PUFA/SFA (0,08) was shown in
C. barbata, brown seaweed. Green algae, C. bursa and H. tuna, showed the highest level of
sterols (β-sitosterol, 95,21 ± 0,16 μg/g and 73,90 ± 0,08 μg/g, respectively). H. tuna had the
highest content of calcium (Ca) in amount of 55125 μg/g.