Uticaj vaspitanja na indeks ranog razvoja i zdravlja dece u Srbiji

Abstract

Uvod: Zaštita zdravlja dece i njihov razvoj u nenasilnim uslovima života predstavljaju javnozdravstvene prioritete na globalnom i nacionalnom nivou. Cilj: Ispitati povezanost načina vaspitanja sa indeksom ranog razvoja i zdravlja dece uzrasta od 3 do 5 godina u Srbiji, i uporediti način vaspitanja dece u Srbiji sa zemljama u okruženju (Crna Gora, Bosna i Hercegovina i Republika Makedonija). Metod: Istraživanje predstavlja studiju preseka baziranu na podacima dobijenim iz Istraživanja višestrukih pokazatelja (Multiple Indicator Claster Survey – MICS), sprovedenih u Republici Srbiji u 2014. godini, u Crnoj Gori u 2013. godini, u Bosni i Hecegovini u 2011-12. godini, i u Republici Makedoniji u 2011. godini. Istraživanje je sprovedeno na uzorku od 2.573 dece starosti od 3 do 5 godina (broj dece u nacionalnim uzorcima: Republika Srbija 1.211 dece, Crna Gora 325 dece, Bosne i Hercegovine 672 dece i Republika Makedonija 365 dete). Analiza podataka je obuhvatila utvrđivanje povezanosti načina vaspitanja (nenasilno vaspitanje, psihičko kažnjavanje, fizičko kažnjavanje) sa zdravljem (antropometrijske mere dece izražene kroz indeks telesne mase, visinu za dati uzrast, telesnu masu za dati uzrast i telesnu masu za datu visinu), ranim razvojem dece (indeks ranog razvoja i njegova četiri domena razvoja: pismenost i poznavanje brojeva, fizička aktivnost, socijalno-emocionalni razvoj i učenje) i karakteristikama domaćinstva (region Srbije, tip naselja, stepen obrazovanja roditelja, kvintili indeksa blagostanja domaćinstva, broj članova domaćinstva, broj dece u domaćinstvu, pol dece, nacionalnost lica na koje se vodi domaćinstvo i stav o fizičkom kažnjavanju dece) u Republici Srbiji. U ukupnom broju od 2.921 odabranih domaćinstva evidentirano je 2.773 dece uzrasta do 5 godina sa stopom odgovora 98%. Pored toga, urađena je međunarodna komparativna analiza načina vaspitanja (nenasilno vaspitanje, psihičko kažnjavanje, fizičko kažnjavanje) dece uzrasta od 3 do 5 godina i stava o fizičkom kažnjavanju dece u Srbiji sa načinom vaspitanja dece uzrasta od 3 do 5 godina i stavom o fizičkom kažnjavanju dece u populacijama Crne Gore, Bosne i Hercegovine, i Republike Makedonije...

Introduction: The protection of health and development of children in non-violent conditions of life are priorities of public health on global and national level. Objective: The aim of this research is to study the correlation between the method of upbringing and the index of early childhood development and the health of 3-5 years old children in Serbia, and to compare the methods of child upbringing in Serbia (children aged 3-5 years) with the methods of child upbringing within the population of Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Republic of Macedonia. The method: The research is cross-sectional study, based on the data taken from Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS), carried out in the Republic of Serbia in 2014, in Montenegro in 2013, in Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2011/2012, and in the Republic of Macedonia in 2011. The research was carried out on the sample of 2.573 children aged 3 to 5 years (the number of children in national samples: Republic of Serbia 1.211 children, Montenegro 325 children, Bosnia and Herzegovina 672 children and Republic of Macedonia 365 children). The data analysis is based on the correlation between the child upbringing methods (non-violent method, psychological aggression, physical punishment) and health (anthropometric indices such as body mass index, height for age, weight for age, weight for height), early childhood development (early childhood development index and its domains: literacy-numeracy, physical and social-emotional development, and learning) and the characteristics of households (area and region, the education of mother and father, wealth index quintile, the number of household members, the number of children in the household, the gender of child and the nationality of household) in Republic of Serbia. In 2.921 selected households there were 2.773 children under the age of 5 with the response rate of 98%. In addition, we have done an international comparative analysis of the methods of upbringing children aged 3-5 years in Republic of Serbia (non-violent method, psychological aggression, physical punishment) and the attitude towards physical punishment in Republic of Serbia with the way of upbringing children aged 3-5 years and the attitude towards physical punishment within the population of Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Republic of Macedonia...