Uticaj demografske promene starenja stanovništva na saobraćajno projektovanje urbanog saobraćajnog sistema
Impact of population ageing on traffic design of urban transportation system
Author
Trpković, Ana Lj.
Mentor
Vujanić, Milan P.Committee members
Stanić, Branimir Č.Tubić, Vladan J.
Pejčić-Tarle, Snežana A.
Đokić, Vladan

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Show full item recordAbstract
Povećanje broja starijih ljudi predstavlja globalni demografski trend koji,
zajedno sa urbanizacijom, donosi značajne promene u strukturi i karakteru
saobraćajnih zahteva u naseljima i gradovima. Urbani saobraćajni sistemi, koji su
pre svega u funkciji svojih korisnika, trebalo bi da ponude usluge koje
zadovoljavaju kriterijume jednakosti i ravnopravnosti za sve učesnike. S obzirom
na to da kretanje predstavlja jednu od osnovnih ljudskih potreba, jasno je da ono
ne sme biti onemogućeno ili ograničeno neadekvatnim sistemskim
performansama. Fenomen demografskog starenja inicirao je istraživački rad i
aktivnosti koje se odnose na proučavanje uticaja ovih promena na saobraćajni
proces, kao i mogućih rešenja ovog problema. Usled razlika koje postoje u
karakteristikama saobraćajnih sistema i njihovih korisnika, rezultati istraživanja
koja su već sprovedena i verifikovana u svetu ne mogu se jednostavno preslikati i
implementirati, što je determinisalo potrebu za razmatranjem ovog problema u
l...okalnom urbanom okruženju.
Polazeći od dosadašnjih iskustava i naučnog rada na ovom polju definisan je plan
istraživanja koja je bilo neophodno realizovati da bi se adekvatno sagledala
predmetna problematika. Istraživački rad je podeljen u tri celine: istraživanje
karakteristika i stavova korisnika, istraživanje brzine kretanja i analiza
bezbednosti starije populacije, sa posebno kreiranim metodološkim postupkom za
svaki od planiranih segmenata.
Fokus istraživanja bio je usmeren na one zahteve i modele koji utiču na proces i
elemente saobraćajnog projektovanja u gradskim sredinama. Detaljniji uvid u
poteškoće sa kojima se susreću stariji u saobraćaju pokazao je da ova starosna
kategorija ima značajno veći rizik od stradanja u saobraćajnim nezgodama u
poređenju sa ostalim, mlađim učesnicima u saobraćaju. Ustanovljeno je da su
stariji pešaci u urbanim područjima saobraćajno najugroženija kategorija u okviru
posmatrane populacije. Sa druge strane, rezultati stavova starijih korisnika
pokazali da se najveći broj kretanja realizuje pešačenjem, pa su seniori pešaci
stavljeni u centar istraživačkog rada. Brzina kretanja pešaka je jedan od najvažnijih
projektnih i operativnih parametara koji mogu da utiču na konflikte između vozila
i pešaka, bezbednost pešaka i nezgode na raskrsnicama. Svim pešacima, a posebno
starijim, treba obezbediti dovoljno vremena da mogu bezbedno preći ulicu.
Istraživanjem je utvrđeno da je prosečna brzina starijih pešaka prilikom prelaska
ulice manja nego kod ostalih korisnika i da je neophodno preispitati i unaprediti
postojeće modele inženjerskih proračuna...
The increasing number of older population represents a global
demographic trend, as well as the growing density in urban areas. Ageing and
urbanization introduce significant changes in the structure and character of traffic
demands in modern cities. Urban traffic and transportation systems, which
primarily exist for the purpose of their users, should offer the equality and equity
of service for all participants in the transportation process. Bearing in mind that
mobility represents one of the basic human needs, it is clear that it cannot be
disabled or limited by inadequate system performances. This demographic shift
has initiated research and activities related to the possible impact of these changes
on the transportation process, as well as on the possible solutions to this problem.
Due to the differences in the characteristics of transportation systems and their
users, the results of research and studies that have already been implemented and
verified in the world, cannot be easily ...replicated and implemented. There is the
obvious need to consider this problem in the local urban surroundings.
On the basis of previous experience and scientific work in the field, the research
methodology was defined. The research plan was requisite in order to observe the
issue in an adequate manner. The research was divided into three parts: research
on the characteristics and users’ opinions, research on movement speed and the
analysis of the safety of elderly population. Specifically defined and presented
methodological procedure was created for each of the planned segments.
The focus of the research was on those requirements and models that influence the
process and elements of traffic design in urban areas. A more detailed insight into
the difficulties faced by older road users showed that this age group had a higher
risk of fatality in road accidents compared to younger road users. In urban areas
older pedestrians represent the most vulnerable category of participants within
the observed population. On the other hand, the results of elderly users' views
show that the largest amount of movement of older pedestrians is implemented as
pedestrian movement, so senior pedestrians were the focus of the research. The
speed of a pedestrian is one of the most important design and operational
parameters in traffic engineering which may lead to conflicts between vehicles and
pedestrians, affect pedestrian safety, and cause accidents at intersections. All
pedestrians, especially the elderly, should be provided with sufficient time for
crossing the street safely. The results of this study showed that the average
crossing speed of elderly pedestrians was lower than that of other users and that it
was necessary to estimate the existing models of engineering calculations...