Efekti razvojne gimnastike na razvoj motoričkih sposobnosti dece

Abstract

Physical exercise in the younger school age is extremely important due to growth and development of organism as well as corrective treatment on various deformities. Physical education in this period of physical growth and development is very important.But in practice, this subject is not carried out regularly or is not performed by pedagogues of physical culture. Exercises in artistic gymnastics are very diverse and some of them are more demanding in terms of different forms of power, some in terms of coordination, mobility, balance, and some sublimate more motor abilities. For this reason, the application of exercises on apparatues and floor indisputably affect the overall motor status of a person. Exercise on apparatues, as a wider concept of development gymnastics, is a motor activity rich in diversity of movements and positions. The richness of movement and position in exercise on apparatues allows to those who utilize them to create a huge fund of motor knowledge. The subject of this research were motor abilities (power, speed, coordination, flexibility) and developmental gymnastics program for younger school age children, and the problem of the research was to determine whether the developmental gymnastics program had an effect on development of motor abilities onyounger school age children. Based on defined subject and the research problem, the objectives of the research was related to determining the differences in motor abilities between initial and final measurement and between experimental and control group of boys and girls in younger school age. On the basis of the defined subject, goals and tasks of the research, three general and eight subhipotheses were identified that were related to existence of statistically significant differences in motor abilities between initial and final measurement, and between experimental and control group of boys and girls in younger school age. The sample of respondents for experimental group consisted of 59 girls and 54 boys, and for controll group 45 girls and 53 boys in younger school age. To determine the level of motor abilities, 18 tests were. Data processing was performed by the statistical program SPSS v. 20. For all data, the parameters of descriptive statistics were calculated. To determine the differences between the groups at the initial and the final measurement, a t-test for independent samples was used with calculation of significance of the size of difference (Cohen's d) and the canonical-discriminative analysis; to determine the difference between the initial and the final measurement, a t-test for dependent samples with calculation of impact sizes was used (Cohen Effec Size), and for determining effects, a multivariate covariance analysis (MANCOVA) was used with neutralization of differences between groups at initial measurement. The research has shown the effects of the developmental gymnastics program on the development of motor abilities of children aged 9 to 11 years. Differences in motor abilities were identified in favor of the experimental group, allredy at the initial measurement. After the realization of the experimental program of developmental gymnastics, the differences in the benefit of the experimental group compared to the control were even more significant, as well as differences within the groups between the initial and final measurement. The results obtained accurately indicate that the efficiency of the experimental program has significantly more contributed to the transformation of motor abilities than the current physical education program.