Funkcija sluha i ravnoteže kod pacijenata sa dijabetes melitusom

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to determine the hearing and balance functions in patients with diabetes mellitus type 1 (T1DM) and type 2 (T2DM) compared to the control group, as well as to assess the impact of the length of the disease, glycemic control and chronic complications on the hearing and balance functions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The analysis included 80 patients with T2DM and 30 patients with T1DM. The auditory function was determined using tonal liminar audiometry, transitory otoacoustic emissions and brainstem auditory evoked potentials. The function of the vestibular apparatus was assessed using an air caloric test. Microvascular (neuropathy, retinopathy) and macrovascular (myocardial infarction) complications were noted. RESULTS: The hearing threshold in T1DM patients was higher at all frequencies, while the hearing threshold in T2DM patients was higher at frequencies above 1,000Hz. In patients with either type of diabetes the TEOAE were statistically significantly absent, and absolute and interwave latencies of brainstem auditory evoked potentials were significantly prolonged in comparison with the control group. A vestibular dysfunction was observed in patients with T2DM. Auditory function in patients with both types of diabetes was affected by 6 poorly-controlled glycemia and chronic complications, whereas in patients with T1DM, the length of the disease also had an impact on auditory function. CONCLUSION: T1DM and T2DM affect auditory function in patients. A vestibular dysfunction was observed in patients with T2DM.