Sulfatima i fosfatima modifikovan ZrO[sub]2 kao katalizator u izabranim industrijski značajnim petrohemijskim procesima

Abstract

New rules connected with gasoline have banned many additives, so it is becoming increasingly difficult to maintain a high octane value of the fuel while simultaneously respecting the imposed limitations. Thus the reactions of n-alkane isomerization to yeild higher octane numbers gasolines have increased importance. Biodiesel is widely used as a fossil diesel substitute, mainly because of its ecological value and because there is no need for changing the existing motors in any way. However, industrial production of biodiesel still suffers from a number of ecological and economical setbacks. Q4.16.01 - Izdawe 1 ZrO2 is a catalyst which is widely used in industry, mainly because of its favorable textural, structural, morphological and surface properties. It can easily be modified with acidic groups and metals. The catalyst modified in such a way has shown certain properties which make it suitable for use in (in)directly petrochemically important industrial processes such as isomerization of n-alkanes and transesterification of vegetable oils. In this dissertation, ZrO2 was modified with sulfates and phosphates and then characterized in detail and its properties were compared to the unmodified catalyst. Catalyst samples were tested in the reactions of isomerization of n-pentane and n-hexane, as well as the reaction of transesterification of sunflwoer oil with methanol. Reactions were performed under a wide range of conditions in order to determine the influence of a large number of reacton parameters on the flow and yield of the reaction. Kinetics of reactions were also examined and stability of the acid groups on the catalyst surface was determined under realistic conditions. Catalyst properties were then correlated with their activities in order to determine the influence that the particular property has on the efficiency of the catalyst and thus its yield.