Urbano građanstvo : koncept i praksa
Urban citizenship : concept and practice
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Tema rada je sociološko određenje pojma urbanog građanstva. U tu svrhu,
urbano građanstvo se prevashodno utemeljuje u dve ideje: pravo na grad i
urbanitet, ali se analitički razmatra i kao jedan od novih koncepata građanstva.
Osnovna tvrdnja na kojoj urbano građanstvo počiva jeste da je nacionalni koncept
građanstva-državljanstva nedovoljno obuhvatan, jer univerzalizacijom i
formalizacijom principa (po osnovu nacionalnosti) zapostavlja moralno-vrednosnu
dimenziju građanstva i time nema odgovora na nejednakosti koje se prelivaju na
ravan svakodnevnih praksi života u gradu. Stoga se urbano građanstvo pojavljuje
kao vrsta dopune i etičkog korektiva postojećeg građanskog modela, zagovarajući
ideju da prava i odgovornosti najpre treba realizovati na nivou grada, kao
primarne čovekove društveno-političke zajednice.
Urbano građanstvo posebne kritike upućuje neoliberalnoj ideologiji za koju
se smatra da takmičarskom atmosferom i afirmacijom prava kapitala narušava
prava građana da samostalno o...dlučuju o korišćenju prostora, čime se potiskuje
njegova upotrebna vrednost. Time se grad pretvara u prostor ispunjen
komercijalnim sadržajima, a građani svode na konzumeristički orijentisane
klijente, dok se aktivistička i kritička komponenta figure građanina pasivizuju.
Stoga urbano građanstvo predstavlja i poziv na politizaciju građanina, i to
primarno kroz aktivizam za ostvarivanje prava na grad.
Akteri urbanog građanstva su različite društvene grupe koje se na osoben
način suočavaju sa barijerama i osećaju izopštenim iz prava na grad, ali takođe i
uspevaju da se organizuju i kroz zajedničke napore probiju neke barijere zvanične
politike. U radu se obrađuju rodna, homoseksualna, ekološka, imigrantska
perspektiva prava na grad, kao i pravo na grad siromašnih, kao neke od
najistaknutijih vrsta nejednakosti u prostoru. Iako se zahtevi datih grupa u osnovi
svode na isti cilj – jačanje upotrebne vrednosti grada nasuprot komercijalnoj,
pokazuje se da su akteri urbanog građanstva unutar sebe heterogeni i
fragmentisani, što njihove zahteve smešta u sferu depolitizovanog građanskog
društva i otežava postizanje većih sistemskih promena.
The topic of the dissertation is the sociological determination of the concept of
urban citizenship. For that purpose, urban citizenship is primarily grounded in two
ideas: the right to the city and urbanity, yet it is also analytically observed as one of
the new concepts of citizenship. The basic premise upon which urban citizenship
rests is that the national concept of citizenship is not sufficiently encompassing,
since it neglects, through universalization and formalization of principles (on the
nationality basis), the morality and values of citizenship, thus failing to provide an
answer to inequalities that invade the sphere of everyday practices of city life.
Therefore, urban citizenship appears as a form of supplement and ethical
correction to the existing citizenship model, advocating the idea that rights and
responsibilities should first be realized at the level of the city, as the primary
human socio-political community.
Urban citizenship particularly criticizes the neoliberal... ideology, which employs a
competitive atmosphere and affirmation of the capital rights to undermine the
right of the citizens to make independent decisions on the use of space, which
further diminishes the usable value of the city. Thus, the city is transformed into a
space filled with commercial contents, and the citizens are reduced to
consumerism-oriented clients, while the activistic and critical components of the
citizen figure are rendered passive. Thus, urban citizenship also represents an
invitation to the politicization of the citizen, primarily through the activism
intended to assert one’s rights to the city.
Urban citizenship actors are various social groups that face the specific barriers
and feel excluded from the rights to the city in their own way, but that also manage
to organize and put in joint effort to break down certain official policy barriers. The
dissertation examines the gender, homosexual, environmental, immigrant
perspective of the right to the city, as well as the right to the city of the poor, as
some of the most conspicuous forms of inequality in space. Even though the
demands of these groups basically boil down to the same goal – the strengthening
of the use value of the city as opposed to the commercial value, it is shown that
these urban citizenship actors are heterogeneous and fragmented from within,
which positions their demands in the sphere of a depoliticized civil society and
hinders the introduction of greater systemic changes.