Strategija razvoja agrobiznisa

Abstract

S obzirom da je poljoprivreda važna privredna delatnost u Federaciji Bosne i Hercegovine i da postoje prirodni i humani resursi za njen dalji razvoj, strukture zadužene za vođenje agrarne politike nastoje joj pružiti podršku putem određenih mera i mehanizama. Strateško planiranje razvoja agrobiznisa i ruralnih područja, jedan je od osnovnih načina podrške. Cilj istraživanja je da se prikaže stanje i problemi sektora agrobiznisa u FBiH i drugi pokazatelji, kako bi se mogao trasitrati put jačanju ovog potencijalno važnog sektora kroz koncipiranje inovirane stratgije razvoja. Budući da agrobiznis apsorbuje skoro četvrtinu zaposlenog stanovništva i generiše značajan deo BDP, nameće se kao svrsishodno istražiti mogućnosti njegovog dinamičnijeg razvoja. Primenom istorijskog i deskriptivnog metoda sagledano je stanje poljoprivrede i ruralnog razvoja u Federaciji Bosne i Hercegovine. Od ostalih metoda koriste se komparativna analiza, statistički metod, grafički metod, indikatori, logički metod i drugi naučni metodi. Sektor agrobiznisa u FBiH nije razvijen iako postoji potencijal, a ključni razlozi leže u agrarnoj politici, nerazvijenom tržištu, političkoj nestabilnosti, klimatskim promenama itd. Ni prerađivački kapaciteti ne pružaju podršku sektoru primarne poljoprivredne proizvodnje, jer su predimenzionirani i velikim delom neiskorišćeni. Tržište poljoprivredno-prehrambenih proizvoda nije razvijeno, niti je koncipiran set zakona, koji bi omogućio njegov dalji razvoj. Za dinamičniji razvoj poljoprivrede i ruralnog razvoja u FBiH, potrebno je implementirati inoviranu strategiju razvoja agrobiznisa, odnosno opredeliti značajno veća sredstva iz budžeta, reformisati agrarnu politiku, odnosno postepeno je usklađivati sa agrarnom politikom EU, koja ruralnom razvoju daje na značaju. Ciljevi razvoja kao što su jačanje konkurentnosti subjekata u agrobiznisu, ruralni razvoj, održiva i multifunkcionalna poljoprivreda mogu se ostvariti usklađivanjem zakonodavstva sa EU zakonodavstvom. Potrebno je unaprediti institucionalni okvir i poljoprivredno obrazovanje, uspostaviti informacioni sistem, osnovati ''Ministarstvo za poljoprivredu i ruralni razvoj'' na nivou BiH. Budžetska sredstva treba usmeriti na infrastrukturne projekte u ruralnim područjima, podsticati intenzivne proizvodnje, preradu, kao i sisteme održive poljoprivrede, koji će omogućiti proizvodnju kvalitetne hrane uz očuvanje prirodnih resursa i životne sredine. Poljoprivreda FBiH može posatati dinamičnom motor rasta, koji će doprineti prehrambenoj sigurnosti, smanjenju siromaštva, a u perspektivi i ostvarivanju značajnih prihoda.

Given that agriculture is an important economic activity in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and that there are natural and human resources for its further development, the structures in charge of agricultural policy tend to support it through certain measures and mechanisms. Strategic planning for the development of agribusiness and rural areas is one of the basic ways of support. The goal of research is to present the situation and problems of the agribusiness sector in FBH and other indicators, so that the way of strengthening this potentially important sector can be traced through the conception of an innovative strategy of development. Since agribusiness absorbs almost a quarter of the employed population and generates a significant portion of GDP, it is intended to pursue the possibilities of its more dynamic development. The application of the historical and descriptive method has examined the state of agriculture and rural development in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Of the other methods, comparative analysis, statistical method, graphic method, indicators, logical method and other scientific methods are used. The agribusiness sector in FBH is not developed, although there is potential, and key reasons lie in agricultural policy, underdeveloped market, political instability, climate change, etc. The processing capacities do not support the sector of primary agricultural production, because they are oversized and largely unused. The market for agro- food products has not been developed, nor is a set of laws enabling it to further develop. For a more dynamic development of agriculture and rural development in FBH, it is necessary to implement an innovative strategy for the development of agribusiness, ie to define significantly higher funds from the budget, to reform the agricultural policy, ie gradually to align with the EU agricultural policy, which gives importance to rural development. Development goals such as strengthening the competitiveness of entities in agribusiness, rural development, sustainable and multifunctional agriculture can be achieved by aligning legislation with EU legislation. It is necessary to improve the institutional framework and agricultural education, establish an information system, establish the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development at the level of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Budgetary funds should focus on infrastructure projects in rural areas, encourage intensive production, processing, and systems of sustainable agriculture, which will enable the production of quality food while preserving natural resources and the environment. The agriculture of the FBH can be covered by a dynamic growth engine, which will contribute to food security, poverty reduction, and in the perspective and realization of significant revenues.