Samoubistvo u različitim oblicima društvenih kriza

Abstract

Naučnu opravdanost ovo istraživanje nalazi u činjenici da je suicidologija kao naučna disciplina usmerena ka integraciji različitih teorijski uobličenih stanovišta. Fenomen je sam po sebi kompleksan i teško istraživ i kod naučne analize pokušanih, a naročito u oblasti izvršenih samoubistava (metoda psihološke autopsije). Ovo istraživanje daje doprinos razjašnjenju otvorenih pitanja o uticaju društvenih faktora na suicid. Rad afirmiše multidimenzionalnost u pristupu i analizi suicida sa ciljem potpunijeg razumevanja suicidogenih faktora koji utiču na genezu suicidalnog ponašanja. Društvena opravdanost istraživanja posebno je značajna u kontekstu razvoja društvene krize koja je u našoj zemlji eskalirala u poslednjoj deceniji dvadesetog veka. Od posebnog interesa je izučavanje faktora koji su doveli do znatnijih kolebanja stope samoubistava u ovom periodu. Ovako dobijeni podaci su od velikog značaja za razvoj savetodavnih aktivnosti, osnivanje centara za intervencije u krizi i programa za psihološku, profesionalnu i širu socijalnu podršku, odnosno na sve aktivnosti koje su usmerene na sprečavanje samoubilačkog čina. Cilj ovog istraživanja je utvrđivanje i provera relevantnih činjenica vezanih za promene suicidalnog ponašanja u odnosu na vid društvene krize. U istraživanju je korišćen metod psihološke autopsije osoba koje su izvršile samoubistvo na teritoriji opštine Banja Luka. Istraživanjem su obuhvaćene okolnosti u kojima je samoubistvo učinjeno, koristila se postojeća medicinska dokumentacija i drugi materijalni podaci koji su sadržavali podatke o ličnom, porodičnom, profesionalnom i širem psiho-socijalnom funkcionisanju samoubice. Studija je ukazala na porast stope samoubistva u periodima društvenih kriza, kao i na to da je specifičnost suicidalnog čina u različitim oblicima društvenih kriza različita. Sa prolaskom društvene krize stopa suicida pada, ali tek nakon latentnog perioda. Značaj ove studije je što definiše povezanost društvenih kriza i izvršenih suicida, i kroz analizu dobijenih rezultata ukazuje na moguće preventivne aktivnosti koje bi u određenim periodima trebalo provoditi.

The scientific validity of this study is based on the fact that suicidology as a scientific discipline is directed towards integration of various theoretically shaped aspects. The phenomenon itself is complex and there is a lack of analysis of attempted and in particular committed suicides (method of psychological autopsy). This study contributes to the clarification of open questions about the effect of social factors on suicide. Additionally, this work confirms that multidimensionality is required in access and analysis of suicides with the aim of complete understanding of the factors causing suicide and those that affect the genesis of suicidal behavior. The social validity of this study is extremely significant in the context of development of the social crisis, which escalated in the last decade of XX century in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The results are of importance for advisory activities, developing and establishing centers for intervention in crisis, programs for psychological, professional and wider social support, and all activities that are directed towards prevention of suicidal acts. The aim of this research was to determine and ascertain relevant facts associated with changes in suicidal behavior relative to the aspect of social crisis. Psychological autopsy of people who committed suicide on the territory of Banja Luka was performed in this study. The circumstances under which the suicides were committed were taken into consideration, as well as the existing medical documentation and the additional material data that contained the data about personal, familial, professional and broader psycho-social functioning of the person that committed suicide. The study revealed that the suicide rate in time periods of social crisis was higher. In addition, the specificity of the suicide act in various forms of social crisis was different. Finally, with the passing of the social crisis the suicide rate decreased, but only after a latent period. The importance of this study was to investigate the connection between social crisis and committed suicides, and by analyzing the results, to identify the possible prevention activities that should be carried out in time periods.