Kvalitet mesa i mleka podolskog govečeta

Abstract

Prema postavljenom cilju istraživanja, ispitivani su kvalitet mesa i mleka podolskog govečeta u Republici Srbiji. Ispitivanjem je ukupno bilo obuhvaćeno 23 grla, od kojih 12 krava i 11 muških junadi na lokaciji u Bačkoj Topoli. Utvrđena prosečna telesna masa muške junadi podolske rase, koja su korišćena u ovom istraživanju iznosila je 445,91 kg, sa prosečnim randmanom primarne obrade od 53,64 %. 4 Masa glave bez rogova u proseku je bila 12,11 kg, a masa kože je iznosila 39,27 kg. Prosečna masa unutrašnjih organa iznosila je: bubrezi sa lojem 4,02 kg, jetra 5,00 kg, srce 1,76 kg, pluća 4,88 kg i slezina 0,86 kg. Utvrđena je prosečna masa leve polutke od 121,68 kg, a desne polutke od 120,71 kg. Vrednosti kvalitativnih osobina koje su utvrđene kod MLD u proseku su bile: L*-svetloća 34,61, udeo a*-crvene boje 20,18, b*-udeo žute boje 6,54, kalo kuvanja 44,30 % i sposobnost vezivanja vode 5,52 (cm2). U proseku, sadržaj vode je iznosio 75,43 %, sadržaj suve materije 24,57 %, sadržaj proteina 21,32 %, sadržaj ukupnog pepela 1,09 %, a sadržaj slobodnih masti 1,90 %. Utvrđena vrednost sadržaja vezivnog tkiva u proseku je iznosila 1,43 %, dok je sadržaj hidroksi prolina bio 0,05 %. Vrednosti kvalitativnih osobina koje su utvrđene kod MSM u proseku su bile: L*-svetloća 35,41, udeo a*-crvene boje 20,84, b*-udeo žute boje 6,64, kalo kuvanja 46,46 % i sposobnost vezivanja vode 7,30. U proseku, sadržaj vode je iznosio 75,68 %, sadržaj suve materije 24,32 %, sadržaj proteina 21,02 %, sadržaj ukupnog pepela 1,09 %, a sadržaj slobodnih masti 1,82 %. Utvrđena vrednost sadržaja vezivnog tkiva u proseku je iznosila 0,47 %, dok je sadržaj hidroksi prolina bio 0,06 %. Ispitivanjem senzornih osobina kod MLD i MSM utvrđeno je sledeće: Intezitet boje MLD iznosio je 4,1, a MSM 4,0. Prosečna vrednost teksture MLD iznosila je 4,3, a MSM 4,1. Mramoriranost MLD u proseku je iznosila 4,0, a kod MSM 4,3. Utvrđena prosečna vrednost nežnosti MLD iznosila je 4,4, a kod MSM 5,3. Sočnost kod MLD u proseku je iznosila 5,1, a kod MSM 4,7. Ispitivanjem osobina mlečnosti ustanovljeno je, da je prosečno trajanje laktacije iznosilo 152 dana, prinos mleka u proseku je bio 988,00 kg, sadržaj mlečne masti 4,24 %, a sadržaj proteina 3,99 %. Poređenjem osobina mlečnosti između prvotelki i starijih krava utvrđeno je, da je prosečno trajanje laktacije kod prvotelki iznosilo 148 dana, a kod starijih krava 156 dana, količina mleka kod prvotelki u laktaciji iznosila je 907 kg, a kod starijih krava 1.056 kg. Sadržaj mlečne masti kod prvotelki iznosio je 4,23 %, a kod starijih krava 4,25 %, dok je sadržaj proteina u mleku kod prvotelki iznosio 3,94 %, a kod starijih krava 4,04 %. Prosečne vrednosti svih ispitivanih osobina mlečnosti između prvotelki i starijih krava nisu se statistički značajno razlikovale (p>0,05).

Towards the objectives of research, we examine the quality of meat and milk of Podolian cattle in the Republic of Serbia. The study included a total of 23 animals, of which 12 cows and 11 steers at the location in Bačka Topola. Determined by the average body weight of steers the podolian breed, which were used in this study was 445,91 kg, with an average dressing percentage of primary treatment of 53,64 %. 8 The mass of the head without the horns, the average was 12,11 kg, a mass of skin was 39,27 kg. The average weight of internal organs were: kidney with fat 4,02 kg, liver 5,00 kg, heart 1,76 kg, lungs 4,88 kg, and spleen 0,86 kg. Determine the average mass of the left carcass of 121,68 kg, and the right carcass of 120,71 kg. The values of qualitative traits that were found in MLD on average were: L*-lightness 34,61, part of a*-red color 20,18, part of b*-yellow color 6,54, cooking loss 44,30 % and water holding 5,52. On average, the water content was 75,43 %, total solids content of 24,57 %, protein content 21,32 %, ash content 1,09 %, and free fat content of 1,90 %. The determined value of the connective tissue averaged 1,43 %, while the hydroxy proline content was 0,05 %. The values of qualitative traits that were found in MLD on average were: L*-lightness 35,41, part of a*-red color 20,84, part of b*-yellow color 6,64, cooking loss 46,46 % and water holding 7,30. On average, the water content was 75,68 %, total solids content of 24,32 %, protein content 21,02 %, ash content 1,09 %, and free fat content of 1,82 %. The determined value of the connective tissue averaged 0,47 %, while the hydroxy proline content was 0,06 %. By examining the sensory properties of the MLD and the MSM has shown the following: Intensity of color MLD was 4,1 and 4,0 of MSM. The average value of the texture MLD was 4,3 and 4,1 of MSM. Marbling MLD averaged 4,0 and 4,3 for MSM. The determined average value of tenderness MLD was 4,4 and 5,3 for MSM. Juiciness of MLD averaged a 5,1 in MSM 4,7. The examination of milk traits were found that the average duration of lactation period was 152 days, milk yield on average was 988,00 kg, milk fat content 4,24 % and 3,99 % protein content. Comparison of milk production traits between primiparas and older cows showed that the average duration of lactation in primiparas amounted to 148 days, and for older cows 156 days, the amount of milk in lactating primiparas was 907 kg, and for older cows 1.056 kg. Milk fat content at first calving was 4,23 % and 4,25 % of older cows, while milk protein content at first calving was 3,94 % and 4,04 % of older cows. The average values of all the traits of milk production between primiparas and older cows were not significant (p> 0.05).