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Istraživanje novih modela simulacije procesa konzerviranja voća sušenjem

Research on new models for simulating the process of fruitconservation by drying

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2014
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Author
Karić, Marina
Mentor
Brkić, Miladin
Committee members
Janić, Todor
Đaković, Damir
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Abstract
U radu se na osnovu eksperimentalnih podataka analizira konvektivno sušenje jedne sorte jabuke u laboratorijskoj šaržnoj kondenzacionoj sušari vlastite konstrukcije. Istražuju se uticaj procesnih parametara na kinetiku sušenja i kvalitet sušenih proizvoda. U tu svrhu izabrana je široko rasprostranjena sorta „crveni delišes“, rezana na kolutove, početne relativne vlage oko 87% sušena na konačnu oko 7,5 - 8,5 %. Relevantnost pojedinih faktora i njihov uticaj na vreme trajanja procesa i parametre kvaliteta sušenih proizvoda određivani su metodom planiranog eksperimenta. Cilj primene procedure faktorskih planova eksperimrenta je dobijanje matematičkih modela i grafičkih prikaza uticaja procesnih parametara na promenu merenog svojstva. Temperatura vazduha menjala se od 40 do 600C, uz brzinu strujanja od 1 do 2 m/s i relativnu vlažnost vazduha od 55 do 75%. Utvrđene su krive kinetike sušenja a kvalitet sušenih jabuka ispitan je instrumentalnom analizom i ocenom potrošača o prihvatljivosti pr...oizvoda. Dobijeni su sušeni proizvodi visokog kvaliteta. Regresionom analizom eksperimentalnih podataka dobijeni su matematički modeli koji opisuju zavisnost izlaznih veličina od procesnih parametara koji definišu režim sušenja. Izlazne veličine koje se prate (odzivi) i označavaju stanje sistema su: vreme trajanja procesa sušenja, sadržaj ukupnih kiselina izražene kao jabučna i sadržaj ukupnih šećera. Na osnovu matematičkog modela provešće se detaljna parametarska analiza istraživanog procesa, uticaj pojedine ulazne veličine na sam proces i omogućiti predviđanje svojstava sušenog proizvoda u različitim kombinacijama procesnih parametara. Rezultati istraživanja potvrđuju da se povećanjem temperature i smanjenjem relativne vlažnosti agensa sušenja (vazduha) značajno smanjuje vreme procesa sušenja kolutova jabuke. Na sadržaj ukupnih kiselina dobijen je značajan uticaj brzine srujanja vazduha, interakcije brzine strujanja i temperature, temperature i relativne vlažnosti vazduha. Očekujemo da će rezultati ovih istraživanja proizvesti dovoljno dobre matematičke modele za dobijanje kvalitetnih sušenih proizvoda koji će se moći primeniti kao osnova za optimizaciju i upravljanje procesima sušenja u poluindustrijskim i industrijskim razmerama. Značaj predloženog istraživanja je, uz očekivani naučni doprinos, dobijanje sušenih proizvoda ciljanih svojstava, uvažavajući kriterijum očuvanja kvaliteta, očuvanja energije i zaštite okoline.

The thesis analyzes, on the basis of experimental data, convective drying of a sort of apple in a laboratory batch condensation drying plant designed especially for the laboratory researches. The influence of process parameters on drying kinetics and quality of dried products is examined. For this purpose a widespread sort of apple called „Red Delicious“ is chosen. It is cut into slices with the starting and final moisture being about 87% and 7,5-8,5%, respectively. The relevance of certain factors and their effect on the duration of the process and parameters of the quality of dried products is determined by the method of planned experiment. The procedure of factor plans of the experiment is applied in order to obtain mathematical models and graphical illustrations of the influences of process parameters on the change of measured characteristic. Air temperature varies from 40 to 60ºC, while the flow speed is from 1 to 2 m/s and relative moisture of air is in the range from 55 to 75%. ...The curves of drying speed are identified and the quality of dried apples is tested by instrumental analysis and consumers’ evaluation on the product acceptability. The obtained dried products are of high quality. Regression analysis of experimental data results in mathematical models describing dependance of output values on process parameters which define drying mode. Output values (responses) which are monitored and which represent the state of the system are: duration of drying process, content of total acids expressed as malic acid and content of total sugars. On the basis of mathematical model, a detailed parameter analysis of the process is carried out as well as the influence of individual input value on the process itself and it will provide the prediction of characteristics of dried products in various combinations of process parameters. Research results confirm that the increase of temperature and decrease of relative moisture of drying agents (air) significantly reduce the process of drying apple slices. The content of total acids is significantly influenced by the speeds of air flow, interaction of flow speed and temperature, temperature and relative air moisture. The results of the research work are expected to produce mathematical models which are good enough to achieve high quality dried products which can be applied as a basis for optimization and control of drying processes in semi-industrial and industrial scopes. In addition to expected scientific achievement, the presented research is significant for obtaining dried products having defined qualities with regard to criteria of quality preservation, energy conservation and environment protection.

Faculty:
Универзитет у Новом Саду, Пољопривредни факултет
Date:
25-09-2014
Keywords:
Ključne reči: jabuka / kondenzaciono sušenje / kinetikasušenja / matematički model / planiranje eksperimenta / analiza varijanse / statistička analiza / uticajni faktori / funkcija cilja
[ Google Scholar ]
Handle
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_nardus_8714
URI
http://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/DownloadFileServlet/Disertacija140549772677735.pdf?controlNumber=(BISIS)89542&fileName=140549772677735.pdf&id=2469&source=NaRDuS&language=sr
https://nardus.mpn.gov.rs/handle/123456789/8714
http://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=89542&source=NaRDuS&language=sr
http://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/DownloadFileServlet/IzvestajKomisije140549773619852.pdf?controlNumber=(BISIS)89542&fileName=140549773619852.pdf&id=2470&source=NaRDuS&language=sr

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