Primena nitramina i netoksičnih aditivnih jedinjenja u razvoju i proizvodnji savremenih eksploziva i baruta
Author
Bobić, Nikola R.Mentor
Drmanić, Saša
Committee members
Nikolić, Jasmina
Petrović, Slobodan
Jelisavac, Ljiljana

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Show full item recordAbstract
U radu je razmatrana hemijska i balistička stabilnosti eksplozivnih materija, sa aspekta
bezbedne proizvodnje, skladištenja i upotrebe municije u nacionalnim i svetskim okvirima.
Istraživani su uslovi pod kojima će se umanjiti proces autokatalize u barutnoj masi, te
hemijska stabilnost baruta održati na potrebnom nivou što duži period. Analiziran je uticaj
najčešće upotrebljavanih stabilizatora na kvalitet savremenih baruta, proučavanjem efekta
želatinizacije nitroceluloze, uz pomoć skenirajuće elektronske mikroskopije.
Ispitivana je mogućnost i utvrđena opravdanost primene netoksičnih i nekancerogenih
komponenti u razvoju i proizvodnji savremenih baruta, kao alternativa za višegodišnju
upotrebu dinitrotoluena (DNT), dibutilftalata (DBF) i difenilamina (DFA), koji pokazuju
kancerogena svojstva.
Praćenjem migracionih procesa u barutnoj masi potvrđen je negativan uticaj migracije
nitroglicerina na balističke osobine baruta i ukupan kvalitet municije. S tim u vezi
istraživana ...je mogućnost izrade barutnih punjenja bez nitroglicerina, sa novim energetskim
komponentama – nitraminima. Prikazane su značajne prednosti savremenih baruta niske
osetljivosti i „green“ formulacije, koje pozitivno utiču na kvalitet barutnog punjenja,
performanse municije i na životni vek cevi artiljerijskih oruđa.
U oblasti eksploziva istraživani su novi eksplozivni sastavi na bazi polimernih veziva,
(plastic bonded explosives – PBX) te primena nitramina u proizvodnji savremenih
eksploziva. Ispitivanjem fizičko-hemijskih i termohemijskih karakteristika, pomoću
standardnih termijskih i spektrofotometrijskih metoda, izvršena je verifikacija recikliranih
eksplozivnih punjenja na bazi kompozicije trotil/nitramin.
Proizvođačima baruta i municije date su preporuke za proizvodnju i laboraciju barutnih
punjenja minobacačke municije te preporuke za sprovođenje kvalitativnog prijema
municije te predaje krajnjim korisnicima...
Chemical and ballistic stability of the explosive materials was analyzed from the point of
the safe production, storage and use of ammunition in national and international
surroundings. The conditions which decrease the autocatalysis of the gunpowder mass and
keep the chemical stability on a defined level as long as possible were examined. The
influence of the most widely spread stabilizers on the quantity of up-to-date gunpowders
was analyzed, by studying of the nitrocellulose gelatinization effect, using the scanning
electron microscopy.
The possibility of the use of non-toxic and non-carcinogenic components in the
development and production of modern gunpowders was investigated, as an alternative to
the application of dinitrotoluene (DNT), dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and diphenylamine
(DPA), which show carcinogenic effects.
The negative influence of the nitroglycerine migration on the ballistic properties and on the
ammunition quality was confirmed by the following of migrat...ion processes in the
gunpowder mass. Therefore the possibility of the production of the gunpowder charges
without nitroglycerine was investigated. The advantages of the modern gunpowders of low
sensibility and "green" formulation, that positively influence the gunpowder charge quality,
ammunition duration and performance were presented.
The new plastic bonded explosives (PBX explosives) were examined, as well as the
applications of nitramines in the modern explosives production. The verification of
recycled explosives based on trotyl/nitramine composition was carried out by the
investigation of physico-chemical and thermochemical properties using standard
spectrophotometric methods.
The suggestions for the production and laboration of the gunpowders charges as well as for
the quality ammunition reception and delivery were given to manufacturers of gunpowder
and ammunition...