Resursne atrakcije kao multiplikativni faktor razvoja zdravstvenog turizma Srbije
Resource attractions as a multiplicative factor for development of health tourism in Serbia.
Author
Milićević, RadaMentor
Milenković, SvetislavCommittee members
Radosavljević, Gordana
Đorđević, Miroslav
Kosar, Ljiljana
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REZIME:
Zdravstveni turizam ima svoje korene još u antičkom vremenu. I tada, na
izvorima termalnih voda, nicali su objekti za organizovano kupanje-terme.
Danas, pojam zdravstvenog turizma podrazumeva lečilišni turizam, medicinski
turizam i wellness. Lečilišni turizam obuhvata lečenje, preventivu i
rehabilitaciju. Pod medicinskim turizmom podrazumeva se putovanje u druge
zemlje radi medicinske intervencije, najčešće iz oblasti stomatologije,
hirurških usluga i usluga iz oblasti kardiologije. Wellness turizam
podrazumeva prevenciju, odnosno očuvanje zdravlja, kroz regulisanje načina
ishrane, eliminaciju stresa i eliminisanje drugih faktora koji mogu narušiti
zdravlje i normalno funkcionisanje ljudskog organizma.
U turizmu Srbije, zdravstveni turizam predstavlja njegov značajan segment
zasnovan na brojnim termomineralnim izvorima, sa široko zastupljenim
spektrom terapeutskih svojstava mineralnih voda i peloida. Na tim izvorima
nicale su zdravstvene ustanove, bolnice i rehabi...litacioni centri, u kojima se
i danas pružaju usluge zdravstvenog turizma. Takođe, zdravstveni turizam se
razvija i u planinama, koje zahvaljujući karakteristikama vazduha predstavljaju
tzv. „vazdušne banje“ Srbije.
Zdravstveni turizam, kao deo turističke privrede doprinosi ekonomskom
rastu i povećanju nacionalnog dohotka. Turizam može imati direktne i
indirektne efekte na privredu. Kao posledica njegovog direktnog efekta dolazi
do povećanja društvenog bruto proizvoda, do otvaranja novih radnih mesta i
bolje zaposlenosti stanovništva, utiče na platni bilans, na investicije.
Takođe, uz pomoć turizma direktno se utiče na smanjenje neravnomernosti u
regionalnom razvoju zemlje, utiče se na brži razvoj nedovoljno razvijenih
zemalja. Indirektni uticaj turizma se odnosi na razvoj privrednih grana, poput
poljoprivrede, saobraćaja, građevinarstva, industrije i dr.
Prilikom proučavanja multiplikativnih efekata od turizma, treba
naglasiti da je za jednu nacionalnu ekonomiju vrlo bitno razlikovati domaću od
strane turističke potrošnje, jer su različiti i njihovi ekonomski učinci. Kod
domaće turističke potrošnje, radi se o preraspodeli dohotka unutar jedne
ekonomije, dok se kod strane turističke potrošnje, radi o prelivanju dohotka,
odnosno prelivanju inostrane akumulacije u turističku destinaciju i
ekonomiju te zemlje.
Summary:
The health tourism was existed in ancient times. On thermal springs had made
many facilities for organized bathing - spa. Today, the concept of health tourism
involves health- recovery tourism, medical tourism, and wellness tourism. The health
tourism includes treatment, prevention, and rehabilitation. The medical tourism is travel
to other countries for medical intervention, in the field of dentistry, surgical services,
and services in the field of cardiology. The wellness tourism means prevention, and the
preservation of health, through the regulation of diet, stress elimination, and elimination
of other factors, that can destroy the health and normal functioning of the human
organism.
An important segment of the Serbian tourism is the health tourism, based on
numerous thermo-mineral springs, with a wide spectrum of therapeutic properties. On
these springs were building up medical institutions, hospitals, and rehabilitation centres.
They provide health tourism. ...Health tourism is developing in the mountains. Because of
its specific air characteristics, they are known such as “Serbian air spa”.
Health tourism, as part of the tourism industry contributes to economic growth
and national income. Tourism can have direct and indirect effects on the national
economy. Direct effects lead to an increase of GDP, foreign and domestic investments,
creation of new jobs and better employment of the population. In addition, tourism
directly affects on the reduction of disparities in regional development of the country, as
well as faster development of undeveloped countries. The indirect effects relate on the
development of economic sectors, such as agriculture, transport, construction, industry,
and others.
Regard to the multiplicative effects of tourism, it should be noted, that for a
national economy is very important to distinguish domestic from foreign tourist
consumption. They have different economic effects. There is a redistribution of income
within an economy in domestic tourism consumption, while in foreign, is an overflow
income, or shedding of foreign accumulations into a tourist destination and its economy.