Dijahronijska analiza participa i gerunda u engleskom jeziku

Abstract

Predmet ovog rada je morfosintaksička analiza nefinitnih oblika sadašnjeg i prošlog participa, i gerunda u engleskom jeziku kako u sinhronijskoj tako i u dijahronijskoj perspektivi. Participi su od najranije epohe razvoja engleskog jezika vršili brojne funkcije koje su prevashodno bile adjektivalne. Tokom vremena poprimili su i verbalne karakteristike i na taj način postali su deo glagolskog sistema u savremenom engleskom jeziku. Gerund, koji poreklo vodi od apstraktne deverbativne imenice koja znači radnju, takođe je pretrpeo značajne promene na svom putu ka gramatikalizaciji. Primarni cilj ove analize je da istraži i objasni morfološku strukturu i opiše sintaksičke funkcije engleskog participa i gerunda kroz staroengleski (StE) i srednjeengleski (SrE) period. Drugi cilj je da se ustanovi do kojih je promena došlo prilikom dijahronijskog poređenja forme i funkcija engleskog participa i gerunda. Konačno, cilj je i da se objasni u kom periodu istorijskog razvoja participa i gerunda njihove verbalne karakteristike postaju dominantne. Za metodološki okvir rada koriste se deskriptivni metod i metod dijahronijske komparacije...

The subject matter of this work is morpho-syntactic analysis of English non-finite structures, the present participle, past participle and gerund in both synchronic and diachronic perspective. The participles were already in use in the earliest stages of the English language and performed a number of functions which were mostly adjectival. In the course of time they have acquired verbal properties and become integrated within the verb system of the Present-day English. The gerund, originally an abstract deverbal noun of action, has also undergone significant changes on its path to grammaticalisation. The main objective of this analysis is to investigate and explain the morphological structure of the English participle and gerund as well as to describe their syntactic functions throughout the Old English (OE) and Middle English (ME) period. The other objective is to determine the changes that emerged in ME on the basis of historical comparison of form and functions of the English participle and gerund. The final objective is to clarify in which moment of the historical development of the participle and gerund the acquisition of their verbal features started to gain ground. The approach combines detailed description and method of diachronic comparison...