Efikasnost programa fizičkih aktivnosti u redukciji telesne mase gojazne dece

Abstract

Problem koji se istraţuje odnosi se na gojaznu decu i adolescente. Istraţivanje je sprovedeno sa ciljem da se utvrdi uticaj efikasnosti multidisciplinarnog leĉenja ove dece, pri razliĉitim programima fiziĉkih aktivnosti, u redukciji telesne mase i uticaju na fiziĉke sposobnosti tretmana koji su trajali dvadeset jedan dan. Uzorak je sistematski, nastao na osnovu percentilne procene pedijatara koji decu šalju na leĉenje u ovu Ustanovu i ĉinilo ga je 532 dece oba pola, sa prekomernom telesnom masom i gojazna, uzrasta od 12-18 godina podeljenih u tri grupe. Kod eksperimentalnih grupa primenjen je program redukovane ishrane i dva delimiĉno razliĉita programa fiziĉkih aktivnosti, jedan koji se sprovodio u letnjem reţimu rada, drugi u zimskim uslovima, a kontrolna grupa nije uĉestvovala u programu. Promene koje su se dešavale kod uĉesnika programa odnosile su se na promene telesne kompozicije, kardiovaskularne funkcionalnosti i motoriĉkih sposobnosti izazvanih primenom programa. Rezultati dobijeni nauĉno-istraţivaĉkim postupcima pokazali su da su utvrĊeni znaĉajni efekti u transformaciji karakteristika telesnog sastava, pritiska, pulsa, aerobne izdrţljivosti, snage, ravnoteţe, gipkosti i to u obe eksperimentalne grupe, što nije uoĉeno u kontrolnoj grupi. To ukazuje da su eksperimentalni programi koji su se sprovodili u letnjnjem i zimskom reţimu rada, znaĉajano uticali na pomenute merene varijable. Ujedno, utvrĊeno je da je eksperimentalni program u zimskom periodu, po kome je radila druga eksperimentalna grupa, imao znaĉajnije efekte na redukciju telesnih masti, dok su ispitanici iz prve (letnje) grupe imali bolja postignuća u nekim merama motornih sposobnosti (aerobna izdrţljivost, fleksibilnost i frekventna brzina ruku).

The problem that is researched concerns obese children and adolescents. The research was conducted in order to establish the impact of efficiency of multidisciplinary treatment of these children, in different exercise programs lasting for twenty-one days, in body weight reduction and influence on physical abilities. The sample is systematic, based on the percentile estimate of pediatricians that send children to treatment to this institution, consisting of 532 children of both sexes, overweight and obese, aged between 12 and 18, divided into three groups. In the experimental group the program of reduced diet was used and two partially different programs of exercise, one carried out in summer, the other in winter; the control group did not take part in the program. The changes that took place with the participants of the program were changes in the body composition, cardiovascular functionality and motoric abilities caused by the application of the program. By using relevant scientific and research methods, the obtained results showed considerable effects in the transformation of body composition characteristics, blood pressure, pulse, aerobic endurance, strength, balance, flexibility in both experimental groups, which was not noticed in the control group. This indicates that the experimental programs carried out in the summer and winter considerably influenced the mentioned measured variables. At the same time, it was established that the experimental winter program, used in the second experimental group, had more adequate effects on the reduction of body fat, whilst the examinees from the first (summer) group had better achievements in some measuring of physical abilities (aerobic endurance, flexibility, frequent hand speed).