Razvoj, primena i evaluacija instrumenata za procenu kompetencija farmaceuta u apotekama na primarnom nivou zdravstvene zaštite u Srbiji

Abstract

Zdravstvene profesije kao što je farmaceutska, zbog moralnih načela kojima se rukovode i zbog odgovornosti za ljudsko zdravlje i život, posebno su posvećene kvalitetu i visokim standardima u svom radu. Obezebeđivanje kvaliteta usluge i visoki standardi profesionalnog odnosa prema pacijentu, zajednički su interes stručanjaka, pacijenata, kao i regulatornih stručnih tela. Za obezbeđenje kvaliteta zdravstvene zaštite i postizanje odgovarajućih standarda, jedan od neophodnih faktora je korpus znanja, veština i stavova koji će omogućiti donošenje odgovarajućih odluka u interesu pacijenata. U uslovima stalnih promena, koje su bile najintenzivnije u drugoj polovini dvadesetog veka, vezanih za nove zdravstvene potrebe, pojavu novih zdravstvenih tehnologija, zahteve opšte i stručne javnosti, razvoja i primene informacionih tehnologija, stručnjaci iz oblasti zdravstva i obrazovanja tragali su za modelima koji će omogućiti ispunjavanje potreba svih relevantnih činilaca. Tradicionalni sistem obrazovanja farmaceuta nije dao očekivane rezulatate. Neprilagođeni obrazovni sadržaji, neodgovarajuća praksa i loši rezultati, izazivali su nezadovoljstvo i brigu stručne i šire javnosti, što je rezultovalo zaokretom u vidu reforme, kada je nastao sistem obrazovanja zasnovan na kompetencijama. Pored toga, krajem dvadesetog veka oblikovan je i novi koncept farmaceutske prakse, u kojoj farmaceut odgovorno pruža sigurnu i racionalnu terapiju pacijentu, u čijem se fokusu nalazi pacijent, odnosno, njegove potrebe: farmaceutska zdravstvena zaštita (farmaceutska nega). Prema Hepleru i Strandu, reč je o profesionalnoj delatnosti u kojoj farmaceut preuzima odgovornost za pozitivan ishod terapije. Stoga je od izuzetne važnosti da farmaceuti poseduju znanja, veštine i sposobnosti za pružanje odgovarajućih usluga, kao i stavove za njihovo usvajanje u svakodnevnom radu. Dinamički okvir koji obuhvata ove činioce, nazivamo okvir kompetencija farmaceuta. U poslednjoj deceniji XX veka, kompetencije farmaceuta predstavljaju centralnu temu zdravstvenih organizacija i asocijacija (FIP, WHO, UNESCO), koje sinergistički rade na generisanju modela i instrumenata za razvoj i procenu kompetencija...

Health professions, such as pharmaceutics, are especially dedicated to quality and high standards in their work due to moral principles that serve as a guide, and responsibility towards human health and life. Providing quality service and high standards in professional relations towards the patients are a common interest of experts and patients, as well as regulatory bodies. In order to provide quality healthcare and achieve adequate standards, one of the necessary factors is knowledge, skills and attitude corpus, which would lead to making adequate decisions in patients' best interest. In the conditions of constant changes, which were most intensive in the second half of the twentieth century, regarding recent healthcare needs, appearance of new healthcare technologies, general and expert public demands, development and implementation of information technologies, the experts from the fields of healthcare and education have been searching for models which will provide fulfilment of needs of all relevant factors. Traditional pharmaceutical education system did not yield expected results. Maladjusted education content, unsuitable practice and poor results have caused dissatisfaction and concern among expert and general public, which resulted in change through reform, leading to an education system based on competency. Aside from this, a new concept in pharmaceutical practice was formed in the late twentieth century, in which a pharmacist responsibly provides safe and rational therapy for the patient. The focus of the therapy is the patient, i.e. his/her needs: pharmaceutical healthcare (pharmaceutical care). According to Hepler and Strand, the point in question is professional service in which a pharmacist takes responsibility for the positive outcome of the therapy. For this reason, it is exceptionally important that pharmacists possess knowledge, skills and abilities to provide adequate services, as well as willingness to implement them into everyday practice. Dynamic framework that encompasses all of these factors is called pharmacists' competency framework...