Uticaj magnezijuma na parametre aktivnosti hipotalamo-hipofizno-nadbubrežne i hipotalamo-hipofizno-gonadne osovine kod ragbista

Abstract

Uravnotežena ishrana, kojom se obezbeđuje unos svih neophodnih hranjivih sastojaka, od posebnog je značaja za sportiste. Zbog savremenog načina ishrane oni često unose nedovoljne količine magnezijuma i veoma su osetljivi na deficijenciju ovog jona koji ima ključne uloge u mnogim ćelijskim reakcijama u organizmu. Savremeno psihosocijalno okruženje postavlja kompleksne zadatke pred mlade ljude koji često vode stresan način života. Osim toga, mlade osobe koje redovno treniraju i učestvuju u takmičenjima, izložene su dodatnom psihofizičkom stresu. S obzirom da je magnezijum jon izuzetno važan za normalno odvijanje energetskog metabolizma, kao i da je pokazan njegov uticaj na aktivnost hipotalamo-hipofizno-nadbubrežne (HPA) osovine, koja j e u u skoj s prezi s a aktivnošću hipotalamo-hipofizno-gonadne (HPG) osovine, može se pretpostaviti da dodatak suplemenata magnezijuma ishrani ragbista, može imati višestruk uticaj na fiziološki odgovor koji se javlja kao posledica psiho-fizičkog stresa kojem su ragbisti izloženi tokom takmičenja. Hormonski sistem je veoma kompleksan i da bi se dobila jasna slika na koji način funkcioniše potrebno je simultano ispitati više sistema odjednom. Cilj rada bio je da se ispita da li magnezijum utiče na parametre aktivnosti HPA i HPG osovine, kao i na njihov međusobni odnos, i da li je taj uticaj različit kod ragbista u odnosu na efekte kod muškaraca istog uzrasta koji se ne bave sportom. Takođe, cilj je bio da se utvrdi da li i na koji način magnezijum menja dinamiku promene parametara aktivnosti HPA i HPG osovine nakon utakmice kod ragbista. U cilju procene aktivnosti HPA osovine vršeno je određivanje nivoa ACTH, kortizola, IL-6 kao i određivanje ukupnog broja leukocita, njihove diferencijalne formule i stepena oštećenja DNK perifernih limfocita. Procena aktivnosti HPG osovine izvršena je određivanjem nivoa FSH, LH i testosterona, kao i koncentracije eritrocita i hemoglobina. Praćenjem testosteron/kortizol (T/C) odnosa dobijeni su značajni podaci o međusobnoj interakciji ove dve osovine. U ispitivanju su bile uključene dve grupe ispitanika, zdravih muškaraca uzrasta 18 do 25 godina: 1) sedentarna grupa studenata (n=15), koji se nisu bavili nikakvom fizičkom aktivnošću najmanje 6 meseci; 2) grupa aktivnih sportista – amaterskih ragbi igrača (n=23), koji su nakon uzimanja uzoraka za određivanje bazalnih vrednosti, podeljeni u dve grupe: kontrolnu (n=10) i interventnu grupu (n=13). Sedentarna grupa i interventna grupa ragbista uzimali su preparat magnezijuma tokom 28 dana (u ukupnoj d ozi o d 5 00 m g n a d an). Za procenu razlike uticaja magnezijuma na bazalne vrednosti parametara aktivnosti HPA i HPG osovine kod ragbista i fizički neaktivnih osoba, svi parametri su određivani kod obe grupe isitanika pre početka suplementacije i 29. dana od početka eksperimenta...

Balanced diet, with proper dietary intake of all necessary nutrients, is of particular importance for athletes. Due to contemporary dietary habits and suboptimal magnesium intake, athletes are very sensitive to deficiency of this ion involved in key intracellular reactions in human body. Contemporary psychosocial environment puts complex tasks in front of young people who often lead stressful way of life. Furthermore, young athletes, who are involved in trainings and competitions on a regular basis, are exposed to additional psycho-physical stress. Since, magnesium ion is extremely important for normal energy metabolism and its effect on activity of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, which is in tight conjunction with activity of hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, is well proven, it could be presumed that addition of magnesium supplement to the rugby players diet, might have multiple effects on physiological response on psychophysical stress during rugby competition. In order to get a clear picture of how hormonal system functions, simultaneous examinations of several systems are needed. The aim of this study was to examine whether magnesium has an effect on parameters of HPA and HPG axis activity, as well on their interaction, and are these effects different in rugby players compared to the age-matched sedentary individuals. Another goal was to examine if magnesium might have an influence on the dynamics of the change of parameters of HPA and HPG axis activity. In order to evaluate HPA axis activity, the levels of ACTH, cortisol, IL-6, total/differential leucocytes counts, as well the degree of peripheral blood lymphocyte (PLB) DNA oxidative damage, were determined. The evaluation of HPG axis activity was done through determination of FSH, LH and testosterone levels, the number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin concentration. Testosterone/cortisol (T/C) ratio gave us important information on reciprocal interaction of these two axes. The study included two groups of healthy male participants, aged 18-25 years: 1) sedentary group of students (n=15) who had not been involved in any regular exercise for at least six months; 2) the group of active athletes – amateur rugby players (n=23) who were, after basal sampling, randomly assigned to control (N=10) and intervention (N=13) group. The sedentary group and intervention group of rugby players received magnesium supplement during 28 days (total amount 500 mg Mg/day). In order to examine the difference in magnesium effect on basal HPA and HPG axes activity parameters between rugby players and physically non-active persons, all parameters were determined in both groups, before supplementation and on the 29th day of the experiment. The evaluation of magnesium influence on the dynamics of the change of HPA and HPG axes parameters’ activity was done based on the measurement of all parameters on the day of the competition, as well on the first, third and sixth day after the game...