Morfogeneza i anatomsko fiziološke karakteristike reproduktivnih organa oraha (Juglans regia L.)
Morphogenesis and anatomico-physiological characteristics of reproductive organs of walnut (Juglans regia L.)
Author
Janković, Slađana J.Mentor
Milatović, Dragan
Committee members
Nikolić, Dragan
Mićić, Nikola
Veličković, Milovan
Fotirić-Akšić, Milica

Metadata
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periodu od 2010. do 2013. godine u ekološkim uslovima Kraljeva proučavane su anatomske, morfološke i fiziološke osobine reproduktivnih organa kod pet sorti oraha (Šampion, Šejnovo, Gajzenhajmski 139, Gajzenhajmski 251 i Elit) i jednog spontanog sejanca.
U radu je dat detaljan opis građe muških i ženskih cvetova na anatomskom i morfološkom nivou. Morfometrijska analiza resa, antera, polenovih zrna, ženskih cvetova, semenih zametaka i embrionovih kesica pokazala je da na neke morfometrijske parametre ne utiču značajno faktori spoljašnje sredine i da se oni mogu uspešno koristiti za determinaciju sorti.
Procesi diferencijacije muških i ženskih cvetova, uključujući i procese formiranja muškog i ženskog gametofita, odvijali su se sukcesivno i istim redosledom kod svih ispitivanih genotipova i u svim godinama, a razlike po godinama i među genotipovima odnosile su se prvenstveno na vreme početka i dužinu trajanja pojedinih faza razvitka. U radu su definisane, detaljno opisane i fotodokumentov...ane karakteristične faze razvojnih procesa, a njihova dinamika prikazana je grafički za svaki genotip. Tip dihogamije ispoljio je značajan uticaj na dinamiku razvoja generativnih pupoljaka i cvetova. Između mikrofenofaza u razvitku muških i ženskih cvetova i stadijuma u formiranju spora i gameta u njima utvrđen je visok stepen podudarnosti, što omogućava da se na osnovu morfoloških promena na cvetovima prate histološke promene u sporogenim tkivima i gametofitima cvetova.
Na morfološke osobine rodnog drveta (debljinu i dužinu rodnih letorasta i plodonosnih prirasta, broj nodusa i strukturu pupoljaka na grančicama i po nodusima) značajan uticaj ispoljili su genotip i faktori spoljašnje sredine. Na indukciju muških i ženskih cvasti značajno su uticali genotip, godina, razvijenost grančice i položaj pupoljka na grančici. Prisustvo ženskih cvetova ili mladih plodova na plodonosnim
mladarima u nekim slučajevima imalo je negativan uticaj na indukciju novih generativnih pupoljaka na plodonosnim prirastima...
Over the period of 2010-2013, under the environmental conditions of Kraljevo, the anatomical, morphological and physiological properties of reproductive organs were studied in five walnut cultivars ('Šampion', 'Sheinovo', 'Geisenheim 139', 'Geisenheim 251' and 'Elit') and one chance seedling.
A detailed description of both the anatomical and the morphological structure of staminate and pistillate flowers is provided. The morphometric analysis of catkins, anthers, pollen grains, pistillate flowers, ovules and embryo sacs showed that some morphometric parameters are not significantly affected by environmental factors and that they can be successfully used for cultivar identification.
The differentiation of staminate and pistillate flowers, including the formation of male and female gametophytes, occurred in successive stages following the same sequence of events in all genotypes studied and in all years, with differences across years and genotypes primarily regarding the onset time and l...ength of particular developmental stages. Characteristic stages in the developmental processes are defined, detailed and photodocumented, and their dynamics is graphically presented for each genotype. The type of dichogamy exhibited a significant effect on the developmental dynamics of generative buds and flowers. A high degree of correspondence was determined between the microphenological phases of staminate and pistillate flowers and the stages of spore and gamete formation, which enables the observation of histological changes in sporogenous tissues and gametophytes based on changes in flower morphology.
The morphological properties of the bearing wood (thickness and length of bearing shoots and bourse shoots, number of nodes, and structure of buds on the shoots and at nodes) were significantly affected by genotype and environmental factors. The induction of staminate and pistillate inflorescences was significantly affected by genotype, year, degree of shoot development and bud position on the shoot...