Komparativna analiza metoda za procenu unosa minerala i makronutrijenata u kolektivnoj ishrani predškolske dece

Abstract

Za pravilan fizički rast, intelektualni razvoj i sazrijevanje, u dječijem uzrastu, značajno je da hrana sadrži optimalno izbalansiran odnos makro i mikronutrimenata. Istraživanja u okviru ove disertacije obuhvatila su ispitivanje specifičnosti i osnovnih karakteristika ishrane djece predškolskog uzrasta, procjenu adekvatnosti sadržaja makronutrimenata, energetske vrijednosti i pojedinih mineralnih materija u kolektivnoj ishrani predškolske djece u Republici Srpskoj, utvrđivanje osnovnih parametara stanja uhranjenosti na odabranom, reprezentatovnom uzorku djece obuhvaćene kolektivnom ishranom i izbor optimalne metode za praćenje kvaliteta kolektivne ishrane predškolske djece. U istraživanju je učestvovalo 60 djece, uzrasta od 5 do 6 godina, koja su pohađala predškolsku ustanovu, vrtić „Radost” u Prijedoru. Antropometrijska mjerenja obuhvatila su mjerenje visine i težine. Utvrđeno je da nema statistički značajne razlike u visini i težini među polovima. U ispitivanoj populaciji nije bilo djece koja zaostaju u rastu, dok je 7% imalo prekomjerni rast. Procjena uhranjenosti izvršena je na osnovu indeksa tjelesne mase (BMI). Najviše ispitanika, 57% djevojčica i 63% dječaka imalo je normalnu tjelesnu težinu. Prekomjernu težinu imala je jedna šestina ispitanika, pri čemu su dječaci bili brojniji, ali nisu pronađene statistički značajne razlike među polovima. Dok je zastupljenost prekomjerne tjelesne mase slična, u kategoriji gojaznosti bilo je 14% devojčica i 19% dečaka. Ukupno 10% ispitanika bilo je neuhranjeno pri čemu su djevojčice zastupljenije. Anketa ishrane ukazala je na loše navike u ishrani djece. Svi ispitanici konzumiraju slatkiše, grickalice i zaslađene napitke, najviše njih bar jednom dnevno (65%), a od ovog broja čak polovina ispitanika konzumira ove proizvode više puta na dan, pri čemu nema statistički značajne razlike između dječaka i djevojčica. Ishranu pothranjenih karakteriše nedovoljan unos mesa...

Food containing an optimal balance of macro and micro nutrients is of great significance for a child’s development, physical and intellectual growth. This study includes: examining specific and basic characteristics of nutrition for preschoolers, assessing the content adequacy of macro nutrients, energy value and individual minerals in collective nutrition for preschoolers in the Republic of Srpska, determining the basic parameters of nutritional status on a representative sample of children included in the collective nutritional programme and selecting an optimal method for monitoring the quality of collective nutrition for preschoolers. Sixty (60) children aged 5 to 6 from the preschool institution “Radost” in Prijedor are included in this dissertation. Anthropometric measurements such as weight and height are included. It is determined that there isn’t a statistically significant difference in height and weight between the sexes. Among the examined children, none of them had growth delay, but 7% of children had an excessive growth. Nutritional assessment was based on body mass index (BMI). The highest number of respondents, actually 57% of girls and 63% of boys had normal body mass. One-sixth of the respondents were overweight, particularly boys; however there was no statistically significant difference between the sexes. Overweight body mass was similar, although 14% of girls and 19% of boys were classified as obese. The total of 10% of respondents were undernourished, girls in particular. The questionnaire about nutrition indicates bad habits related to children’s nutrition. All respondents consume sweets, snacks and sweetened drinks at least once a day (65%) and half of the respondents consume these products several times a day; there is no statistically significant difference between boys and girls. The undernourished do not take enough meat. The assessment of adequate intake of nutrients is based on samples of daily meals gathered in 20 working days in the preschool by taking the meal portion of respondents using the “random” method. The average weight of a daily meal is 662 grams...