Термодинамички процеси одстрањивања соли из морске воде

Abstract

Предмет рада у овој дисертацији је истраживање термодинамичких процеса десалинизације морске воде методом реверзибилне осмозе...

The motivation of the research presented in this thesis was to investigate processes that appears during the desalination of seawater by reverse osmosis treatment. This research developed thermodynamic models which describes the influence of the following process operational parameters on the permeate water flux and energy consumption of seawater reverse osmosis systems: feed water pressure, feed water salinity, feed water temperature, recovery ratio and membrane permeability performance. Optimal operational conditions for the theoretical minimum energy consumption and minimum capital cost were determined. Laboratory pilot reverse osmosis skid was designed and built in order to achieve and measure all relevant reverse osmosis process parameters. Three types of membrane modules with different permeability and salt rejection properties and was tested. The chosen membrane modules were subjected to the operational parameters: feed water pressure in range 32×105 to 5 55×10 Pa, feed water stream salt concentration in range 27500 to 40000 mg/l (TDS), feed water temperature in range 15ºC to 30ºC and recovery rate of the system in range 42 to 51%. The results confirmed that the salt concentration of feed water and recovery rate have significant impacts on the energy consumption of the system, while on the other side the temperature of feed water significantly affects the quality of permeate water. It was discovered that appropriate selection of membrane modules, configuration of membrane elements and operating parameters could increase system energy efficiency and reduce specific energy consumption of produced permeate water volume. The results of thermodynamic model equation were compared with the experimental results and with the models of the other authors in order to be verified. Aspects of the integration of reversible osmosis water system with photovoltaic cells with purpose of further optimizing the energy consumption was presented.