Modelovanje i optimizacija procesa korišćenja biogasa u proizvodnji zelene energije
Modeling and optimization of processes of biogas utilization in the production of green energy
Author
Cvetković, Slobodan M.Mentor
Kijevčanin, Mirjana
Committee members
Kaluđerović Radoičić, Tatjana
Jovović, Aleksandar

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Show full item recordAbstract
U okviru ove doktorske disertacije proučavan je potencijal za proizvodnju
biogasa u Republici Srbiji iz različitih izvora, kao i dalje korišćenje proračunatih
potencijala. Proučavani su takođe, energetski tokovi u životnom ciklusu upotrebe
biogasa i izvršena je analiza emisija u životnu sredinu pri proizvodnji električne energije
iz biogasa u odnosu na referentne fosilne izvore energije (kolubarski lignit i prirodni
gas).
U ovoj tezi je razvijena metodologija za određivanje potencijala za proizvodnju
biogasa u Republici Srbiji iz različitih izvora, kao što su poljoprivredne kulture za
proizvodnju energije, otpadni tokovi iz stočarstva, komunalnog otpada, industrije
prerade mesa i otpadnih voda iz industrije prerade mleka. Rezultati primenjene
metodologije, pokazali su da je ukupan godišnji potencijal za proizvodnju biogasa iz
ovih izvora u Republici Srbiji 1,937.6 miliona m3. Analiza dalje upotrebe proračunatih
potencijala za proizvodnju biogasa u energetskom sektoru u Srbiji, takođe j...e
predstavljena u ovom radu.
Takođe, uspostavljen je model za analizu energetskih tokova u životnom ciklusu
proizvodnje i korišćenja biogasa, kao i njihovih međusobnih odnosa, počev od
obezbeđivanja sirovina za digestiju, preko proizvodnje energije, do primene digestata na
poljoprivrednom zemljištu. Modelovanje je izvršeno kroz energetsku analizu četiri
scenarija: korišćenje biogasa za proizvodnju toplotne energije, korišćenje biogasa u
kogenerativnom postrojenju, korišćenje biogasa u transportu i korišćenje biogasa u
proizvodnji biovodonika. Prema pristupu analize energetskih tokova u životnom ciklusu
(LCEA), rezultati dobijeni u ovom radu pokazali su da su tri scenarija (korišćenje
biogasa za proizvodnju toplotne energije, za kogeneraciju i za transport) imala pozitivan
energetski bilans, te su bili energetski održivi. Četvrti scenario (korišćenje biogasa za
proizvodnju biovodonika) ima negativan energetski bilans i ovaj scenario dominantno
koristi fosilne izvore energije.
Razvijena je i metodologija za određivanje potencijala za smanjenje emisije u
životnu sredinu pri proizvodnji električne energije iz biogasa u poređenju sa efektima na
životnu sredinu pri proizvodnji iste količine električne energije iz fosilnih izvora (uglja
iz kolubarskog basena i prirodnog gasa). Osnova za poređenje uticaja na životnu sredinu
u ovoj metodologiji bila je godišnja proizvodnja električne energije u biogasnim
postrojenjima ukupnog kapaciteta 80 MW. Pokazalo se da bi godišnja proizvodnja
električne energije iz biogasnih elektrana snage 80 MW rezultirala u supstituciji 840 kt
uglja iz kolubarskog basena i 123.2 miliona m3 prirodnog gasa, smanjenju emisije
gasova staklene bašte u rasponu od 491.1 - 605 kt CO2-eq u odnosu na korišćenje uglja
iz kolubarskog basena za proizvodnju električne energije i smanjenju emisije gasova
staklene bašte do 92.83 kt CO2-eq u odnosu na korišćenje prirodnog gasa za
proizvodnju električne energije.
In this doctoral dissertation the potential for biogas production in the Republic of
Serbia from different sources, as well as further use of calculated potentials were
investigated. Also, the energy flows in the life cycle of biogas production and utilization
systems were evaluated, as well as the emissions into the environment during the
process of production of electricity from biogas in relation to the reference fossil energy
sources (Kolubara lignite and natural gas).
A methodology for determination of potentials for biogas production in the
Republic of Serbia from different sources, such as agricultural crops directly provided
for energy, livestock residues, municipal solid waste, meat pocessing industry and
wastewater from milk processing industry, was developed in this thesis. The results of
the applied methodology showed that the total annual potential for biogas production
from these sources in the Republic of Serbia was 1,937.6 million m3. The analysis of the
further possibl...e application of the calculated potentials for biogas production in energy
sector in the Republic of Serbia was also presented.
A model for the analysis of energy flows in the life cycle of biogas production
and utilization, as well as their mutual relations, from providing feedstock materials, via
energy production to the application of digestate on agricultural land was established.
The modelling was carried out through the analysis of four scenarios: biogas for heat
production, biogas in cogeneration, biogas in transportation and biogas in biohydrogen
production. According to Life Cycle Energy Assessment (LCEA) approach, the results
obtained in this work showed that three scenarios (biogas for heat production, biogas in
cogeneration, and biogas in transportation) had positive energy balance, and were
sustainable from the energy point of view. The forth scenario (biogas for biohydrogen
production) had negative energy balance and this scenario dominantly used fossil
resources.
In this work, a methodology was developed for quantification of the potential for
the reduction of emissions to the environment during the production of electricity from
biogas in comparison with environmental effects of the production of the same amount
of electricity from fossil resources (coal from Kolubara basin and natural gas). The basis
for the comparison of environmental impacts in this methodology was the annual
production of electricity in biogas plants of the total capacity of 80 MW. It was shown
that the annual production of electricity from biogas power plants of the capacity of 80
MW resulted in: substitution of 840 kt of coal from Kolubara basin and 123.2 million
m3 of natural gas; reduction of emissions of greenhouse gases in the range of 491.1 kt -
605 kt CO2-eq compared to the use of coal from Kolubara basin for electricity
generation and reduction in emissions of greenhouse gases up to 92.83 kt CO2-eq
compared to the use of natural gas for electricity generation.