Genetička varijabilnost i stabilnost osobina plavog patlidžana (Solanum melongena L.)

Abstract

Plavi patlidžan (Solanum melongena L.) je drevna biljka karakteristična za istočnjačke zemlje, Indiju i Kinu. Ekonomski značaj ove biljke veoma je veliki, jer predstavlja veoma popularno domaće povrće u Aziji i mediteranskom basenu. Pripada familiji Solanaceae gde spadaju i druge ekonomski važne vrste. Prema podacima FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nations) u toku 2012. godine, plavi patlidžan se gajio na oko 1,6 miliona hektara. Cilj rada je bio da se utvrdi stepen fenotipske plastičnosti proučavanih genotipova, zatim da se na osnovu saznanja o svim izvorima variranja u ukupnoj fenotipskoj varijansi formira slika o stabilnosti najvažnijih osobina na različitim lokalitetima i tako izdvoje stabilni genotipovi kao početni selekcioni materijal. Upotreba molekularne genetike ima za cilj očuvanje i korišćenje genetičkih resursa, i da se uz pomoć molekularnih markera odredi varijabilnost i grupisanje srodnih genotipova plavog patlidžana u heterotične grupe. Selekcija uz pomoć makera predstavlja indirektnu selekciju, a sve u cilju stvaranja sorti sa određenim agronomskim poželjnim osobinama. Sva ispitivanja su sprovedena u toku vegetacione sezone (2015) i to na tri lokaliteta: Smederevska Palanka (ogledno polje Instituta za povrtarstvo), Kusadak i Vranovo. Odabrano je 20 perspektivnih genotipova plavog patlidžana koji pripadaju kolekciji Instituta za povrtarstvo i koji predstavljaju divergentan genetički materijal...

Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is an ancient plant, common in East countries, India and China. Economic importance of this plant is big since it is a very popular vegetable in Asia and in countries of Mediterranean basin. It belongs to Solanaceae family, together with other economically important varieties. According to FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nations) during 2012, eggplant was grown on 1.6 million hectares. The aim of this research was to determine the degree of phenotype plasticity of studied genotypes, and then, on the basis of the results regarding all sources of variation in total phenotype variance, to extract the stabile genotypes with stabile most important traits in different environments, as an initial selection material. The usage of molecular genetics aims to preserve and utilize genetic resources and to determine variability and grouping of related genotypes of eggplant in heterotic groups by using molecular markers. Marker selection is an indirect selection with the aim of creating varieties with certain desirable traits in agronomical context. All researches have been conducted during vegetation season 2015 in three environments: Smederevska Palanka (trial field of the Institute for Vegetable Crops), Kusadak and Vranovo. Divergent genetic materials, i.e. 20 perspective genotypes from Institute for Vegetable Crops collection have been chosen for this research. The main task of the research was the monitoring of the impact of factors (genotype, environment) on seven traits: yield per plant, fruit weight, number of fruits per plant, fruit length, fruit width, plant height and early ripening...