Predeono-ekološka analiza biljnih vašiju i njihovih prirodnih neprijatelja u agroekosistemima: diverzitet, biološka kontrola i taksonomski status parazitoida
Landscape-ecology analysis of aphids and their natural enemies in agroecosystems: diversity, biological control and taxonomic status of parasitoids
Author
Janković, Marina P.Mentor
Tomanović, Željko
Committee members
Gagić, VesnaPetrović-Obradović, Olivera

Ćetković, Aleksandar

Metadata
Show full item recordAbstract
Procesi i dobra, koje ekosistemi pružaju čovečanstvu besplatno, a koji su
esencijalni za njegov opstanak, nazivaju se ekosistemskim uslugama. Ekosistemske
usluge, imaju svoju ekološku, socijalnu i ekonomsku vrednost, i za poljoprivredu imaju
veliki značaj, jer utiču na kvalitet zemljišta, kontrolu štetočina, oprašivanje, a samim
tim i na prinos useva. Upravljanje poljoprivrednim predelima, sa ciljem očuvanja
biodiverziteta i ekosistemskih usluga, nemoguće je bez razumevanja prirode procesa
koji na njih utiču. U predelima različite vrste insekata opažaju i koriste svoje okruženje
na različit način. Na višim trofičkim nivoima vrste su u većoj meri osetljive na promene
sredine, naročito kada imaju specifične zahteve u pogledu resursa ili staništa, a odlikuju
se malom veličinom tela i slabim disperzivnim sposobnostima. Parazitoidi, kao značajni
prirodni neprijatelji biljnih vašiju, smatraju se bitnim agensima biološke kontrole u
mnogim agroekosistemima. Mnoge studije na istom model-sistemu... u različitim
područjima ili različitim godinama imaju oprečne rezultate u pogledu uticaja predeonih
karakteristika na diverzitet, brojnost biljnih vašiju i njihovih parazitoida i biološku
kontrolu. Očuvanje biodiverziteta i ekosistemskih servisa u poljoprivrednim predelima
zahteva razumevanje ne samo strukture i kompozicije predela, već i funkcionalnog
značaja predeonih elemenata za različite organizame i procese od interesa.
Istraživanje, sprovedeno u periodu 2010-2012. godine, obuhvata dve predeonoekološke
studije, koje su realizovane u dva odvojena područja (šira okolina Smedereva i
područje Pančevačkog rita), kao i taksonomsko-faunističku analizu prikupljenog
materijala. U istraživanju koje je sprovedeno u okolini Smedereva proučavan je
interaktivni efekat lokalnih i predeonih faktora na brojnost i bogatstvo vrsta biljnih
vašiju i njihovih prirodnih neprijatelja, kao i stope primarnog parazititizma i
hiperparazitizma. Utvrđeno je da su ekosistemske kontra-usluge (pritisak biljnih vašiju i
hiperparazitizam) jače izražene u poljima pšenice, u kojima su biljne vaši pokazale
najjači odgovor na udeo poluprirodne žbunaste vegetacije u predelu...
Processes and goods provided for free by ecosystems to humans, many of which
are essential for our existence, are called ecosystem services. Ecosystem services have
ecological, social and economic value, and are of great importance for agriculture
because they influence soil quality, pest control, pollination, and consequently affect
crop yields. Effective management of agricultural landscapes to protect biodiversity and
ecosystem services is not possible without understanding the nature of the processes
that affect them. In landscapes, different species of insects perceive and use landscapes
in different ways. Species at higher trophic levels are more sensitive to environmental
changes, especially if they have specific habitat or food requirements, have small body
size, or low dispersal abilities. Parasitoids are important natural enemies of aphids and
are highly effective biological control agents in many agroecosystems. Many studies of
the effects of landscape properties on diversit...y, abundance of aphids and their
parasitoids, and biological control, conducted in the same model-systems in different
regions or different years, have opposing results. Protecting biodiversity and ecosystem
services in agricultural landscapes requires understanding not only landscape structure
and composition, but also the functional importance of landscape elements for different
species and specific processes of interest.
For this thesis, research was conducted from the year 2010 through 2012. This
research consists of two landscape ecology studies, which were carried out in two
different regions (in the vicinity of Smederevo and Pančevački rit), as well as taxonomic
and faunistic analyses of the collected material. In the vicinity of Smederevo, interactive
effects of local and landscape factors on the abundance and species richness of aphids
and their natural enemies, as well as primary parasitism and hyperparasitism rates, were
investigated. The results of this study show that ecosystem disservices (aphid pressure
and hyperparasitism) are promoted in wheat fields, where aphids have the strongest
positive response to the percentage of shrublands in the landscape...