Organizacija proizvodnje i prerade lekovitog i aromatičnog bilja u Republici Srbiji
Organization of production and processing of medicinal and aromatic plants in republic of Serbia
Author
Turudija-Živanović, Svetlana L.Mentor
Ceranić, SlobodanCommittee members
Novković, Nebojša
Rajić, zoran

Popović, Blaženka

Đorđević, Sofija

Metadata
Show full item recordAbstract
Upotreba lekovitog i aromatičnog bilja u lečenju stanovništva u Srbiji ima dugu
tradiciju. Pored primene u zdravstvenoj zaštiti, lekovito i aromatično bilje se sve više koristi u
raznim granama industrije: farmaceutskoj, kozmetičkoj, hemijskoj, prehrambenoj, i dr.
Proizvodnja lekovitog i aromatičnog bilja podrazumeva dobijanje sirovina branjem
samoniklog bilja iz prirode (sakupljanje) i gajenjem na njivi (kultivacija, plantažna
proizvodnja). Sakupljanje samoniklog lekovitog i aromatičnog bilja je sastavni deo aktivnosti
mnogih seoskih domaćinstava. Berači prodaju bilje direktno preduzećima ili su organizovani
u beračke grupe gde je vođa grupe lice odgovorno za ubrane količine, kvalitet, i dr. Povećana
tražnja za lekovitim i aromatičnim biljem dovela je do uvođenja velikog broja lekovitih vrsta
u plantažnu proizvodnju. Gajenjem se dobija veća količina biljnih sirovina, postiže se
ujednačen kvalitet, značajno se smanjuje pritisak na prirodne resurse. Danas je plantažna
proizvodnja najveć...im delom organizovana na porodičnim gazdinstvima, na parcelama
veličine od nekoliko ari do nekoliko hektara, i najčešće se radi za poznatog kupca
(kooperacija). Radi sigurnijeg snabdevanja mnoga preduzeća organizuju samostalno gajenje
lekovitog i aromatičnog bilja za proizvodnju različitih biljnih proizvoda (medicinski čajevi,
filter čajevi, kapi, ekstrakti, etarska ulja, itd.), ili za izvoz. Specifičnost tržišta lekovitog i
aromatičnog bilja u Srbiji je prisustvo velikog broja aktera: berača (sakupljača), proizvođača
gajenog bilja (poljoprivredna gazdinstva), privatnih preduzeća registrovanih za različite
delatnosti, kao što su gajenje, otkup, prerada, promet lekovitog i aromatičnog bilja i šumskih
plodova, proizvodnja dijetetskih suplemenata i medicinskih sredstava, proizvodnja
farmaceutskih proizvoda, proizvodnja i promet lekovitog i aromatičnog bilja i etarskih ulja,
proizvodnja čajeva, veleprodaja, maloprodaja, uvoz dijetetskih proizvoda, potrošnja i dr.
Sektor lekovitog i aromatičnog bilja u Srbiji i tržište biljnih proizvoda su u fazi razvoja. Da
bi se sektor brže i uspešnije razvijao, neophodno je preduzeti različite organizacione,
ekonomske i zakonske mere i uključiti različite interesne grupe (relevantne državne
institucije, privatna preduzeća iz sektora, nevladine i međunarodne organizacije, pojedince,
itd.)...
The use of medicinal and aromatic plants in the treatment of population in Serbia has
a long tradition. Besides application in health care, the medicinal and aromatic plants is
increasingly used in various industries: pharmaceutical, cosmetic, chemical, food one etc.
Production of medicinal and aromatic plants involves picking raw materials from nature
(collection) and cultivating in a field (cultivation, plantation production). Collecting of wild
medical and the aromatic plants is essential part of many rural households. The plant pickers
sell the plants directly to the enterprises or they are organized in so-called “pickers’ groups”,
where the leader of the group is responsible for the harvest quantity, quality, etc. Increased
demand for medicinal and aromatic plants has led to the introduction of a large number of
medicinal species in plantation production. By cultivating there are obtained the larger
quantities of raw materials and uniform quality, but also it is significantly redu...ced the
pressure on natural resources. Today the plantation production is mostly organized on family
farms, on plots of several acres up to several hectares, and most often it is cultivated for
known buyer (cooperation). In order to secure supply many companies organize by
themselves the cultivation of medicinal and aromatic plants for the production of various
plant products (medicinal teas, filter teas, drops, extracts, essential oils, etc.), or for the
export. Specific characteristic of the medicinal and aromatic plants’ market in Serbia is the
presence of a large number of stakeholders: pickers (collectors), producers of cultivated
plants (agricultural farms), the private companies registered for various activities such as
growing, purchasing, processing, transport of medicinal and aromatic plants and wild berries,
production of dietary supplements, medical agents, pharmaceuticals products, production and
trade of medicinal and aromatic plants and essential oils, tea manufacturing, wholesale ,
retail, import of dietetic products, consumption etc. The sector of medicinal and aromatic
plants in Serbia, as well as the market of plant products is in the development phase. In order
that the sector should have the faster and more successful development, it is necessary to
undertake the variety of organizational, economical and legal measures, as well as to
introduce the various stakeholders (relevant governmental institutions, private companies
from sector, non-governmental and international organizations, individuals, etc.)...