Modeliranje i upravljanje sistemima za reciklažu vozila

Abstract

Na samom pocetku disertacije je primenom metode analize sadržaja dat pregled svih onih inženjerskih tema iz oblasti reciklaže vozila na kraju životnog ciklusa (ELV) za koje je procenjeno da su u direktnoj ili indirektnoj vezi sa predmetom kojim se ona bavi. Prikupljena literatura je organizovana u dve osnovne podoblasti: Operaciona istraživanja u oblasti reciklaže vozila i teorijski aspekt reciklaže vozila. Kako bi što jasnije mogli biti identifikovani pravci daljeg istraživanja i uoceni eventualni nedostaci vec objavljenih radova, pregled literature je upotpunjen tabelom glavne klasifikacije oblasti reciklaze vozila, tabelom raspodele prikupljenih radova prema mestu objavljivanja i tabelom raspodele radova na temu reciklaze vozila u medunarodnim casopisima u periodu 1997-2013. godina. U disertaciji je prvo formulisan i testiran model kratkorocnog planiranja prerade fabrika za reciklažu vozila u EU zakonodavnom i globalnom poslovnom okruženju. U okviru pratece studije slucaja razmatrane su profitabilnost i ekološka efikasnost EU sistema za reciklažu vozila, i priložena diskusija o uticaju tehnološkog razvoja na strukturu troškova fabrike za reciklažu vozila. Pored toga, izvršene su sledece analize: analiza uticaja Direktive Evropske Unije o vozilima na kraju životnog ciklusa (EU ELV direktiva) na proces donošenja reciklažnih odluka, analiza uticaja raspoloživih finansijskih instrumenata na profitabilnost i ekološku efikasnost fabrike za reciklažu vozila, analiza dva pristupa za upravljanje ekološkom efikasnošcu reciklažnog sistema, i analiza uticaja EU ELV direktive i uslova poslovanja na strukturu troškova fabrike za reciklažu vozila. Kontrolu efikasnosti reciklažnog sistema treba sprovoditi na nivou citavog sistema, jer to ni u kom slucaju nece ugroziti ciljeve koje je EU ELV direktiva propisala. U slucaju važecih kvota, najbolji ekološki rezultati bice ostvarivani pri visokoj ceni odlaganja ostataka drobljenja automobila (ASR) na deponiju i niskoj ceni prerade u postrojenju za napredni termalni tretman. Sa druge stane, posle 1. januara 2015. godine zemlje clanice EU treba da povecaju cene odlaganja na deponije i ucine sve da snize troškove naprednog termalnog tretmana i spaljivanja ukoliko žele da minimiziraju dalju degradaciju životne sredine. Povecanje cene odlaganja na deponiju nece uvek smanjiti kolicinu ostataka drobljenja automobila koja se rutira ka deponijama. Štaviše, do 1. januara 2015. godine pomenuto poskupljenje nece imati efekta pri visokim cenama spaljivanja i naprednog termalnog tretmana, a posle ovog datuma ono ce biti opravdano samo ukoliko cena naprednog termalnog tretmana bude niska...

At the very beginning of doctoral dissertation, applying the content analysis method gives an overview of all the subjects from the end-of-life vehicle (ELV) recycling domain that were estimated as being directly or indirectly related to the subject that the dissertation considers. The literature is organized into two main sub-areas; namely, operational research in the vehicle recycling domain and theoretical aspect of vehicle recycling. In order to identify as clearly as possible the directions of further research and observe possible shortcomings of the already published papers, literature review has been appended with the major classification scheme of vehicle recycling domain, a table of the collected papers classified according to the place where they were published, and distribution list of papers on vehicle recycling in international journals in the period 1997-2013. The dissertation firstly formulates and tests the short-term processing planning model for vehicle recycling factories in the EU legislative and global business environments. As part of the supplementary numerical case study, profitability and eco-efficiency of the EU vehicle recycling system were considered, and the discussion about the influence of technological development on the cost structure of vehicle recycling factory has been submitted. Additionally, the following analyses have been made: analysis of the impact of the EU Directive on end-of-life vehicles (EU ELV Directive) on decision making process regarding recycling, analysis of the impact of available financial instruments on profitability and eco-efficiency of vehicle recycling factory, analysis of two approaches for the control of the vehicle recycling system efficiency, and analysis of the impact of the EU ELV Directive and business conditions on the cost structure of vehicle recycling factory. The control of the recycling system efficiency should be done at the system level because it will in no way jeopardise the EU ELV Directive objectives. Considering valid quotas, the best ecological result will be attained at high cost for land-filling of automobile shredder residue (ASR) and low cost for processing in an advanced thermal treatment (ATT) plant. On the other hand, after January 1, 2015, EU member states will have to raise their costs for landfill disposal and do what is in their power to lower ATT costs and municipal solid waste incineration costs if they want to minimise further environmental degradation. The increase in landfill disposal cost will not always reduce the quantity of automobile shredder residues routed to landfills...