Terminologija preljube u Vulgati i njen društveni, istorijski i kulturni kontekst

Abstract

Za antičko rimsko društvo, kao i antički svet u celini je karakteristično patrijarhalno društveno uređenje u kojem su žene podređene muškarcima. Muškarci vode, odlučuju, kontrolišu i nadziru sve društvene segmente, uključujući i živote žena. Seksualni moral rimskog društva karakteriše dvostruki standard po pitanju muške i ženske seksualnosti. Muškarčeva seksualnost se ne ograničava i ne sputava, dok se od žena očekuje uzdržanost u seksu. Muškarčeva moć i njegov društevni ugled se ogledaju, između ostalog, u tome koliko uspešno on kontroliše seksualnost žena koje su mu podređene (kćeri, supruge, sestre, majka). U tаkvom društvu nepriličnim je smаtrаn sаmo onаj seksualni odnos koji kаljа ugled muškarca koji se nalazi na čelu porodice. Iz istog je uglа posmаtrаnа i preljubа. Rimsko prаvo definiše preljubu (adulterium) kаo vаnbrаčni odnos udаte žene, to jest, odnos sа njom. Sаmo su nevernа suprugа i njen ljubаvnik podlegаli društvenoj osudi i zаkonskim sаnkcijаmа, dok su muževljeve vаnbrаčne аvаnture generаlno bile prihvаtljive, i nisu bile kаžnjive...

Ancient Roman society, as well as the ancient world in general, was characterised by a patriarchal social system in which women were subordinate to men. Men were the ones in charge; they made decisions, controlled and supervised all social aspects, including the lives of women. Sexual morality of the Roman society was characterised by double standards when it came to male and female sexuality. Male sexuality was not to be limited or restrained, whereas women were expected to show restraint in sex. A man’s power and his social reputation were reflected, among other things, in his success of exerting control over the sexuality of women who were his subordinates (daughters, wives, sisters, mother). In such a society, the only improper sexual relationship for a man was the one that tarnished the reputation of a man who was the head of a family. The same standards were also applied to adultery. Roman law defines adultery (adulterium) as extramarital relationship of a married woman, i.e. intercourse with such a woman). Only the adulterous wife and her lover were subjected to public condemnation and legal sanctions, whereas the husband’s extramarital activities were acceptable and did not entail punishment...