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Morfogeneza i regeneracija biljaka šalota (Allium ascalonicum L.) i vlašca (A. schoenoprasum L.) in vitro

In vitro morphogenesis and plant regeneration in shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) and chive (A. schoenoprasum L.)

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2016
Disertacija3966.pdf (3.347Mb)
Tubic_Ljiljana_B.pdf (163.2Kb)
Author
Tubić, Ljiljana B.
Mentor
Zdravković-Korać, Snežana
Committee members
Savić, Jelena
Sabovljević, Aneta
Metadata
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Abstract
Šalot (Allium ascalonicum L.) i vlašac (A. schoenoprasum L.) pripadaju lukovima roda Allium, koji predstavlja jedan od najbrojnijih rodova među monokotilama. Ove ekonomski značajne biljne vrste se koriste u kulinarstvu širom sveta, zbog svog specifičnog mirisa, ukusa i dokazane antioksidativne aktivnosti. U procesima unapređivanja nutritivnih vrednosti i poboljšanja prinosa korišćenjem savremenih biotehnoloških metoda neophodan preduslov je efikasan i pouzdan protokol za regeneraciju in vitro. Pošto takve procedure za regeneraciju in vitro kod šalota i vlašca nisu bile dostupne, osnovni cilj ove disertacije je bio razvijanje efikasnih protokola za indukciju regeneracije pupoljaka/somatskih embriona kod ovih biljnih vrsta. Regeneracija pupoljaka/somatskih embriona je indukovana iz odsečaka korenova šalota i vlašca. Kod obe biljne vrste samo je apikalni deo korena imao regenerativni potencijal pod testiranim eksperimentalnim uslovima, ali se regeneracija odvijala različitim procesima: in...direktnom kaulogenezom kod šalota i indirektnom somatskom embriogenezom kod vlašca. Snažan uticaj genotipa na regenerativni potencijal je uočen kod obe biljne vrste. Regenerativni potencijal je testiran na 30 nasumično izabranih linija šalota. Liniju su činili regeneranti dobijeni iz apikalnih odsečaka korenova biljke koja se razvila iz jednog klijanca. Među testiranim linijama je uočena visoka varijabilnost učestalosti regeneracije (0,93-100%) i prosečnog broja pupoljaka po eksplantatu (0,01-20,67). Linija 6 je pokazala najveći kaulogeni i rizogeni potencijal, kao i najbrži regenerativni odgovor. Koristeći apikalne odsečke korenova regenerisanih biljaka linije 6 kao izvor eksplantata, izvršena je optimizacija uslova za indukciju regeneracije. Svetlost, odnos 2,4-dihlorfenoksisirćetne kiseline (2,4-D) i 6-benziladenina (BA) u podlozi i trajanje faze indukcije kalusa su statistički značajno uticali na kaulogeni potencijal ove linije. Optimalna procedura za regeneraciju pupoljaka iz apikalnih odsečaka korenova šalota se sastojala iz pet nedelja kultivacije eksplantata na podlozi za indukciju kalusa sa 5 μM 2,4-D i 5 μM BA, zatim osam nedelja na podlozi za indukciju regeneracije sa 5 μM BA u prisustvu svetlosti i pri gustini fluksa od 100 μmol m-2s-1 tokom obe faze...

Shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) and chive (A. schoenoprasum L.) belong to the genus Allium, which represents one of the largest genera of the monocotyledonous plants. These economically important plant species have been used worldwide as culinary herbs due to their specific odor, taste and proven potent antioxidative capacity. Crop improvement using modern biotechnological approaches requires an efficient and reliable protocol for in vitro plant regeneration. Since no such protocols for in vitro regeneration of shallot and chive had been available, the main objective of this dissertation was to develop efficient protocols for the induction of bud/somatic embryo regeneration in these plant species. Regeneration of shoots/somatic embryos was induced from root sections of shallot and chive. In both species, only the root-tip sections had the regeneration capacity under the experimental conditions tested, but the regeneration proceeded via different pathways: indirect caulogenesis in shall...ot and indirect somatic embryogenesis in chive. The strong influence of genotype on regeneration capacity was observed in both species. The regeneration capacity was tested in 30 randomly chosen lines of shallot. A line constitutes the root-tip-derived regenerants originating from a single seed-derived plant. High variability in the frequency of regeneration (0.93-100%) and the mean bud number per explant (0.01-20.67) was observed among these lines. Among them, line 6 exhibited both the highest caulogenic and rizogenic capacity, and the fastest regeneration response. Using the root-tip-derived in vitro regenerated plants of line 6 as an explant source, the regeneration procedure was further optimized. Light intensity, the 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D)/6-benzyladenine (BA) ratio in callus induction medium and the duration of the callus induction phase significantly affected the caulogenic capacity of this line. Thus, the optimized protocol included a 5-week-long cultivation of the explants on callus induction medium supplemented with 5 μM 2,4-D and 5 μM BA followed by an 8-week-long cultivation on regeneration induction medium containing 5 μM BA, under light with a photosynthetic photon flux density of 100 μmol m-2s-1 during both phases. Using this protocol, a 100% frequency of regeneration and 18.4 buds per explant were attained in line 6 after 13 weeks of treatment...

Faculty:
Универзитет у Београду, Биолошки факултет
Date:
07-06-2016
Projects:
  • Biotechnology in vitro - crop, medicinal and endangered plant species (RS-173015)
Keywords:
adventivni pupoljci / adventive buds / Allium ascalonicum / A. schoenoprasum / antioksidativni enzimi / apikalni odsečci korenova / bazalna ploča / citokinini / kaulogeneza / regulatori rastenja / somatska embriogeneza / Allium ascalonicum / A. schoenoprasum / antioxidative enzyme / apical root sections / basal plate / cytokinins / caulogenesis / growth regulators / somatic embryogenesis
[ Google Scholar ]
Handle
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_nardus_5953
URI
http://eteze.bg.ac.rs/application/showtheses?thesesId=3374
https://nardus.mpn.gov.rs/handle/123456789/5953
https://fedorabg.bg.ac.rs/fedora/get/o:11875/bdef:Content/download
http://vbs.rs/scripts/cobiss?command=DISPLAY&base=70036&RID=1025090226

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