Uticaj režima prerade legure zlata na svojstva polufabrikata za izradu nakita

Abstract

Proizvodnja nakita od elementarnog zlata i legura od dragocenih i nedragocenih metala predstavlja multidisciplinarnu kategoriju gde treba primeniti širi spektar naučnih disciplina. Trebali bi se vratiti u daleku prošlost, još od doba nastanka civilizacije i pozabaviti istorijom umetnosti, jer želja za ulepšavanjem skopčana je sa nastankom ljudskog roda. Takođe, bez novih znanja iz fizike , hemije, neorganske tehnologije, mašinstva, a u novije vreme sve više medicine, dizajna nakita pa i praćenja berzanskih tokova i finansija, nema nam ni valjanog pristupa ovoj problematici. Glavni zadatak ovog rada kroz prizmu prerađivačke metalurgije je proučavanje, određivanje glavnih parametara za dobijanje adekvatnih višekomponentnih legura zlata za izradu polufabrikata, kroz multidisciplinarno istraživanje relacija: hemijski sastav – metalurška obrada – tvrdoća - mikrostruktura - elektroprovodljivost. Zakonska regulativa Republike Srbije, potrebe tržišta, ali i najnovija medicinska dostignuća i ispitivanja, usmerila su istraživanja na 3 vrste legura za izradu polufabrikata koji se koriste za izradu zlatnog nakita. Ispitivana je komercijalna legura zlata za izradu nakita žute boje kvalitativnog sastava Au585Cu240Ag100Zn75. Kod legura zlata bele boje, ispitivane su nove, do sada slabo istražene legure zlata koje ne sadrže srebro. Legura belog zlata za izradu nakita sa niklom je Au585Cu233Ni80Zn70Pd32, dok je legura zlata za izradu nakita belo-sivo-crvenkaste boje, takozvana NPF (nickel palladium free bez Ni i Pd) Au585Cu312Zn40Ga35In28. Istražene su i po 3 legure ekoloških bezkadmijumskih lemova-lotova finoća 585/1000 (Au585Cu150Ag133Zn87In45, Au585Cu142Ag141Zn91In41 i Au585Cu145Ag141Zn100In29) i 750/1000 (Au750Cu85Ag62Zn55In48, Au750Cu95Ag57Zn60In38 i Au750Cu122Ag52Zn65In11). Legiranjem osnovnih dvojnih i trojnih sistema, Au-Cu i Au-Ag-Cu, poboljšane su metalurško-fizičkohemijske osobine legura kao što su tvrdoća, livkost, obradivost kroz valjanja na valjačkom stanu i izvlačenje na vučnoj klupi, sposobnost lemljenja i zavarivanja, a poseban akcenat posvećen je i usklađivanju istraživanih parametra procesa sa...

Production of jewelry made of elemental gold and alloys of precious metals and non precious metals represents a multidisciplinary category where to apply a wider range of scientific disciplines. We should go back in history, since the time of the civilization and history of art deal, because the desire for beautification has involved the creation of the human race. Also, no new knowledge from physics, chemistry, inorganic technology, engineering, and lately more and more medicine, jewelry design and the monitoring of the stock exchange and finance flows, no we do not have a valid approach to this issue. The main task of this work through the prism of processing metallurgy study, determination, as well as harmonization of the main parameters for obtaining adequate multicomponent alloys of gold for making semi-finished products, through multidisciplinary research relations: chemical composition - metallurgical processing - hardness - microstructure - conductivity. The legislation of the Republic of Serbia, the market needs, but also the latest medical developments and tests, focus research on three types of alloys to produce semi-finished products which are used for making gold jewelry. The study is a commercial alloy of gold for jewelry making yellow qualitative composition Au585Cu240Ag100Zn75. For white gold alloys were investigated new, so far poorly explored gold alloys that do not contain silver. White gold alloys for jewelery nickel is Au585Cu233Ni80Zn70Pd32, while gold alloy jewelry making white-gray-brown color, the so-called NPF (palladium nickel free without Ni and Pd) Au585Cu312Zn40Ga35In28. Were explored and 3 environmental without Cd alloy solders-lots fineness 585/1000 (Au585Cu150Ag133Zn87In45, Au585Cu142Ag141Zn91In41 and Au585Cu145Ag141Zn100In29) and 750/1000 (Au750Cu85Ag62Zn55In48, Au750Cu95Ag57Zn60In38 and Au750Cu122Ag52Zn65In11). Alloying basic binary and ternary system Au-Cu and Au-Ag-Cu, improved metallurgical and physicalchemical properties of alloys, such as hardness, castability, workability rolling through the rolling mill stand and pull the tractor bench sposopnost soldering and welding and...