Lekovita svojstva gljiva baziraju se na prisustu velikog broja bioaktivnih jedinjenja kao
što su polТsaСarТНТ, tОrpОnoТНТ, ОsОnМТУalnО amТno kТsОlТnО, nuklОotТНТ, nuklОТnskО
kТsОlТnО, stОrolТ, nОгasТćОnО masnО kТsОlТnО Т НrugТ, kao Т гnačaУnog saНržaУa makro- i
mikroelemenata i vitamina. Imaju sposobnost usvajanja neorganskog selena, njegove
transformacije u organske, bolje iskoristljive, forme i akumulacije.
CТlУОvТ ТstražТvanУa su bТlТ: (1) praćenje prinosa biomase micelije 8 vrsta makromiceta i
efikasnosti apsorbcije selena pri kultivaciji u selenitom obogaćenom medijumu, (2)
proučavanje efekta visokih koncentracija selena na produkciju micelije, morfologiju i
ultrastrukturu hifa, kao i na kapacitet apsorpcije i akumulacije kod Pleurotus ostreatus i
(γ) oНrОđТvanУО antioksidativnog, antifungalnog i citostatičkog potencijala ekstrakata
nОobogaćОnО Т sОlОnom obogaćОnО micelije odabranih vrsta.
NaУvТšТ prТnos bТomasО гabОlОžОn УО u mОНТУumu bОг sОlОna, Нok УО u nУОgovom
prТsustvu Т sa ...povОćanУОm konМОntraМТУО uočОn lТnОarnТ paН proНukМТУО. Ganoderma
applanatum УО Тmala naТvТšТ prТnos (27.8 g/L), dok je najmanja produkcija izmerena kod
Lenzites betulinus (5.2 g/L). Vrednosti apsorbovanog selena su se kretale u opsegu od
1.4 μg/g (Pleurotus eryngii) do 20.3 μg/g (P. ostreatus). Produkcija biomase P.
ostreatus УО bТla naУvОća u oНsustvu sОlОna (11.8 g/L), koncentracije od 5.0, 10.0 i 20.0
mg/L nТsu ТmalО ОПОkat na rast mТМОlТУО, vТšО konМОntraМТУО su гnačaУno ТnСТbТralО prТnos
biomase, a koncentracija od 1000.0 mg/L je bila MIC. KolТčТna apsorbovanog sОlОna sО
kretala u opsegu od 251.2 μg/g (pri koncentraciji u medijumu od 5.0 mg/L) do 938.9
μg/g (20.0 mg/L), a procenat usvajanja od 3.6% (100.0 mg/L) do 53.3% (5.0 mg/L). Pri
koncentracijama od 100.0 mg/L i 500.0 mg/L uočОna УО poУava МТgla-crvenkaste boje
micelije sa гnačaУnТm morПološkТm Т ultrastrukturnТm promОnama u porОđОnУu sa
kontrolom: manУa gustТna СТПa, tanak ćОlТУskТ гТН sa ТгražОnТm ОkstraМОlularnТm
matrТksom, učОstalТУa sОptТranost a rОđО grananУО СТПa Т poУava klamp-vОгa. CТtološkom
analТгom УО utvrđОno Нa УО sОlОn akumulТran naУvОćТm НОlom u ćОlТУskoУ mОmbranТ Т
vakuolama, Нok su promОnО na ćОlТУskom гТНu bТlО nОгnatnО. Antioksidativni kapacitet
nОobogaćОnТС Т sОlОnom obogaćОnТС Оtanolnih ekstrakata micelije testiranih vrsta
zavisio je od vrste i koncentracije ekstrakta. Na osnovu EC50 vrednosti ekstrakata
antioksidativna aktivnost je opadala slОНОćТm rОНoslОНom: L. betulinus > G. lucidum >
G. applanatum > P. pulmonarius > P. ostreatus > P. eryngii > T. hirsuta > F. velutipes...
Medicinal properties of mushrooms are based on presence of numerous bioactive
compounds, such as polysaccharides, terpenoids, essential amino acids, nucleotids,
necleic acids, sterols, unsaturated fatty acids etc., as well as on significant content of
micro- and macroelements and vitamins. Mushrooms have ability to absorb inorganic
selenium, to transform it to organic and better bio-available forms and to accumulate it.
The aims of the researche: (1) study of mycelial biomass production and efficiency of
selenium absorption during cultivation in selenite-enriched medium, (2) study of effect
of high selenium concentration on mycelium production, morphology and ultrastructure
of hyphae, as well as capacity of its absorption and acumulation in Pleurotus ostreatus
and (3) determination of antioxidant, antifungal and cytotoxic potential of non-amended
and selenium-amended mycelia of selected species.
The highest biomass yield was noted in the non-amended medium, while in the
selenium presen...ce and with increase of its concentration linear decrease of production
was observed. Ganoderma applanatum was characterized by the best yield (27.8 g/L),
while the lowest production was measured in Lenzites betulinus (5.2 g/L). Values of
absorbОН sОlОnТum аОrО rangОН bОtаООn 1.4 μg/g (Pleurotus eryngii) anН β0.γ μg/g (P.
ostreatus). Biomass production in P. ostreatus was the highest in selenium absence
(11.8 g/L), concentrations of 5.0, 10.0 and 20.0 mg/L had no any effect on mycelium
growth, higher concentrations significantly inhibited yield, and concentration of 1000.0
mg/L was MIC. Amount of absorbed selenium was in range from β51.β μg/g (at
medium concentration of 5.0 mg/L) to 938.9 μg/g (20.0 mg/L), and percentage of
absorption from 3.6% (100.0 mg/L) to 53.3% (5.0 mg/L). Appearance of mycelium of
brick-red colour with significant morphological and ultrastructural changes in
comparison with the control was observed at the concentrations of 100.0 mg/L and
500.0 mg/L. Hyphal density was lower, the cell wall was thick with more expressed
extracellular matrix, septa were abundant, and branch frequency and occurrence of
clamp-connections were rare. Cytological analysis demonstrated that majority of
selenium was accumulated in cell membrane and vacuoles, while changes at cell wall
was insignificant. Antioxidant capacity of non-amended and selenium amended
mycelium extract of tested species depended on species and extract concentration.
Based on extract EC50 value, antioxidant activity decreased in the following order: L.
betulinus > G. lucidum > G. applanatum > P. pulmonarius > P. ostreatus > P. eryngii >
T. hirsuta > F. velutipes...
