Genetička analiza prinosa dvoredog i višeredog ječma metodom multivarijacione analize

Abstract

U radu je analizirano 40 genotipova ozimog dvoredog i višeredog ječma. Genotipovi su na osnovu tipa klasa podeljeni u dva ogleda. U prvom su dvoredi genotipovi i čine ga 12 priznatih sorti i 8 homozigotnih linija, a u drugom su višeredi genotipovi i sastoji se od 11 priznatih sorti i 9 homozigotnih linija. Ogledi su izvedeni na tri lokaliteta (Kragujevac, Zemun Polje, Zaječar) u dvogodišnjem periodu (2008/2009 i 2009/2010). Analizirane su sledeće osobine: visina stabla, dužina klasa, broj zrna po klasu, masa 1000 zrna, hektolitarska masa i prinos zrna. Primenom mešovitog modela kod oba tipa ječma i svih ispitivanih osobina utvrđena je visoka značajnost efekta genotipa i interakcije genotipa i spoljašnje sredine, dok efekat sredine nije bio statistički značajan. Sve razlike prosečnih vrednosti ispitivanih osobina između dvoredog i višeredog bile su značajne. Dvoredi su bili niži, veće dužine klasa, manjeg broja zrna po klasu, veće mase 1000 zrna, većeg hektolitra, većeg prinosa zrna. Na sva tri lokaliteta preporučuje se gajenje dvoredog ječma kao i sorte NS-525 koja je postigla visoke prinose u svakom od njih. Ocena interakcije genotip × spoljašnja sredina utvrđena je AMMI-1 modelom. Zapaženo je da kod prinosa nije postojala značajna razlika u broju stabilnih genotipova između dva tipa ječma iako su dvoredi bili prinosniji kao i da kod oba tipa ječma stabilni genotipovi imaju ispod i iznad prosečne vrednosti prinosa. Kod višeredog ječma linije su bile značajno prinosnije i stabilnije od sorti, dok kod dvoredog razlika nije uočena. Ranostasni genotipovi su kod višeredog bili stabilniji što ukazuje na veću tolerantnost dvoredog tipa ječma u odnosu na višeredi prema suši i visokim temperaturama koje se u našim uslovima često javljaju u toku nalivanja zrna. Ovim modelom izdvojene su i perspektivne linije koje se ističu po visini prinosa i stabilnosti. Kod dvoredog ječma to su linije J-176 i J-82, a kod višeredog J-33 i J-29...

In this study, a set of forty genotypes of two and six-row barley was analyzed in two experiments based on the type of spike. The first experiment with two-row genotypes consisted of twelve cultivars and eight lines, while at the second one of six-row genotypes included eleven cultivars and nine lines. The experiments were conducted at three locations (Kragujevac, Zemun Polje, Zaječar) during two seasons (2008/2009 and 2009/2010). The following characters: stem height SH, length of spike LS, number of grains per spike NPS, 1000 grain weight TGW, test weight TW and grain yield GY were analyzed. By applying the mixed model in both types of barley and all investigated traits was determined by the high significance of the effect of genotype and the interaction of the genotype and environment, while the effect of the environment was not statistically significant. All of differences of average values at the studied characters between two groups were statistically significant. Two-row barleys were higher, spikes were longer, with less number of grains, as well as higher mass of 1000 grains, hectoliters and grain yields. Taking in consideration all three locations it is possible to recommend for cultivation tworow barley varieties and cultivar NS-525, since all of them achieved high grain yields. The genotype × environment interaction was analyzed by the AMMI-1 model (Method of Additive Main effects and Multiplicative Interaction). The graph shows that the yield was no significantly different in the number of stable genotypes between the two types of barley, although two-row were higher yielding and at both groups stable genotypes were below and above the average yield values. Six-row barley lines were significantly productive and stable than cultivars, while in a two-row group the difference wasn’t observed. Early-maturing six-row genotypes were stable indicating tolerance of two-row types in relation to six-row barleys, to since in our conditions drought and high temperatures, often occur during grain filling. This model allowed selection of promising lines by emphasizing the higher yield and stability simultaneously...