Potencijal cijanobakterija u formulaciji prehrambenih proizvoda sa dodatom vrednošću

Abstract

U okviru disertacije je ispitan hemijski sastav odabranih cijanobakterijskih sojeva roda Anabaena, Nostoc i Spirulina, kao i uticaj azota na sastav rodova Anabaena i Nostoc. U ispitivanim sojevima određen je sadržaj lipida, proteina, mineralnih materija, sastav i sadržaj lakoisparljivih jedinjenja, aminokiselina i masnih kiselina. U heksanskim i metanolno/vodenim ekstraktima sojeva određen je sadržaj ukupnih fenola, sastav i sadržaj karotenoida i proteinskih pigmenata, kao i antioksidativni potencijal ekstrakata prema DPPH radikalu. Takođe, ispitan je antihiperlipidemijski potencijal roda Spirulina S2 u biološkom ogledu, pri čemu je određen nivo ukupnog holesterola, LDL i HDL čestica, izračunati su relevantni biohemijski markeri hiperlipidemije, kao i koncentracija ALS i AST u plazmi eksperimentalnih životinja. Određen je hemijski sastav fecesa eksperimentalnih životinja, kao i sadržaj holesterola i sastav i sadržaj žučnih kiselina u fecesu. Na bazi hemijskog sastava ispitivanih sojeva cijanobakterija: visokog sadržaja proteina, izbalansiranog aminokiselinskog i masnokiselinskog sastava i visokog sadržaja karotenoida, može se zaključiti da oni imaju potencijal kao sirovine za unapređenje nutritivnog sastava prehrambenih proizvoda. Dokazana antihiperlipidemijska aktivnost soja S2 dodatno ga čini atraktivnim za razvoj proizvoda sa dodatom vrednošću namenjenih osobama sa poremećajem u metabolizmu lipida. Rezultati naših ispitivanja su pokazali i da se na hemijskih sastav pojedinih sojeva može uticati putem promene sastave hranljive podloge što svakako ostavlja prostora za buduća istraživanja.

In this thesis, the chemical composition of the selected strains of cyanobacteria belonging to Anabaena, Nostoc and Spirulina genus was determined. Influence of nitrogen addition on the chemical composition of Anabaena and Nostoc strains has also been investigated. Content of lipids, crude protein, and minerals, as well as composition and content of volatile organic compounds, amino acids, fatty acids was determined in the investigated strains. Total phenolic content and composition and content of carotenoids, protein pigments and antioxidative action toward DPPH radical was determined in the hexane and methanol/water extracts of the investigated strains. Antihyperlipidemic potential of the Spirulina S2 strain was investigated in a biological assay, and content of total cholesterol, LDL and HDL was determined in plasma of the experimental animals, which allowed calculation of relevant biochemical parameters for hyperlipidemia. ALT and AST concentrations were also determined in the plasma of the experimental animals. Chemical composition, as well as content of cholesterol and composition and content of bile acids in the feces of the experimental animals was also determined. Based on the determined chemical composition of the investigated cyanobacterial strains: high protein and carotenoid content, balanced amino acid and fatty acid profiles, it can be concluded that these strains have a potential as ingredients for improving nutritional characteristics of food products. Antihyperlipidemic activity shown by the tested strain S2 makes it attractive for creation of value-added food products intended for people with lipid disorders. The results of this research also show that manipulation of composition of the growing medium can influence the chemical composition of certain investigated strains, which makes it viable to conduct further research on this topic.