Uloga urbanog i ruralnog bloka u formiranju strukture i identiteta naselja u Vojvodini

Abstract

Usled pojave novog nacina oblikovanja prostora naselja i uocenih osnovnih tendencija transformacija, pri kojima se gube osnovne karakteristike tradicionalno formiranih blokova, otpocelo je istraživanje uloge urbanog i ruralnog bloka u formiranju strukture i identiteta naselja u Vojvodini. Osnovni cilj ove doktorske disertacije je da se potvrdi da je blok oduvek bio sastavni, ponekad i neodvojivi, deo strukture naselja, njegov prepoznatljiv element i znacajno mesto susedstva, pa da je, zbog toga, bitno sacuvati njegove vrednosti i pri buducim intervencijama u naseljima. Da bi se shvatio uzrok pojave nestajanja tradicionalnog bloka, istraživane su njegove karakteristike u naseljima iz prošlosti, a prouceni su i stavovi o bloku svetski poznatih autora iz oblasti urbanizma i arhitekture. Analiziranjem nacina razmišljanja razlicitih autora i uocavanjem efekata njihovih stavova po pitanju organizacije, funkcionisanja, ekologije i ostalih karakteristika blokova, došlo se do novih saznanja bitnih za dalje delovanje u oblastima planiranja, projektovanja, graðenja, zaštite i edukacije. Detaljnim sagledavanjem bloka kao samostalnog elementa, ali i kao elementa koji je u meðudejstvu sa ostalim delovima naselja, istražene su sve njegove vrednosti i dokazana je njegova uloga u formiranju strukture i identiteta naselja. Na primerima urbanih i ruralnih naselja iz Vojvodine i njenog okruženja analizirane su i meðusobno uporeðene osnovne karakteristike centralnih i perifernih blokava i dokazan je njihov uticaj na formiranje stukture i identiteta naselja. Konstatovane su velike slicnosti izmeðu istraživanih blokova, ali i odreðene razlike. Tokom istraživanja su konstatovane i slicnosti izmeðu razlicitih prostornih elemenata kao npr. izmeðu naselja, bloka, objekta i predmeta. Na osnovu svega toga je zakljuceno da je blok zaista jedan od osnovnih elemenata naselja, cijem oblikovanju i rekonstrukciji, zbog toga, treba prilaziti veoma oprezno i sveobuhvatno. Na osnovu sprovedenih istraživanja naselja i njihovih blokova, kako u prošlosti, tako i u sadašnjosti, naznacene su moguce vizije razvoja bloka. Sa osnovnim ciljem da se sacuvaju vrednosti koje ima tradicionalno organizovan blok, kao i da se ukaže na metode razvoja i transformacija blokova u buducnosti, došlo se do preporuka za njihovo: planiranje, projektovanje, graðenje, zaštitu i edukaciju koja se odnosi na blok. Teorijska istraživanja su konkretizovana kroz izradu modela istraživanja naselja i blokova, data je i anketa za istraživanje socijalnih kontakata u okviru blokova, a po formiranim modelima je sprovedeno istraživanje na 16 naselja i 32 bloka. Rezultati ove doktorske disertacije su formulisani u obliku preporuka za intervenisanje u razlicitim oblastima ureðenja prostora naselja. Pri tome se ocekuje da se doprinese adekvatnijem ureðenju blokova, a time i naselja.

Due to the appearance of the new manner of forming space in settlements and the observed basic tendencies of transformation, resulting in the loss of basic characteristics of traditional blocks, this research commenced with the role of urban and rural block in forming the structure and the identity of settlements in Vojvodina. The basic aim of this Doctoral dissertation is to confirm that the block has always been an incorporated and sometimes the inseparable segment of settlement structure, its recognisable element and an important place of neighbouring. Therefore, it has been essential to protect values of traditional blocks in future interventions in settlements. In order to understand the causes of traditional block disappearance, the dissertation deals with researching its characteristics historically, accompanying with studying the opinions on blocks by world-known authors in the field of urbanism and architecture. The analysis on the manner of thinking of various authors and the observations on the effects of their opinion on organization, function, ecology and other characteristics of blocks led to new knowledge essential for further work in planning, designing, construction, protection and education. Scanning a block as an individual element, yet an element in interaction with the other segments of settlement as well, all its values have been investigated and its role in forming the structure and the identity of settlements has been proven. Utilizing the examples from urban and rural settlements in Vojvodina and the surrounding regions, the basic characteristics of central and peripheral blocks have been analysed and mutually compared, and their influence on creating the structure and the identity of settlements has been proven. Extensive similarities among the examined blocks have been established, as well as certain differences. During the research, certain similarities between diverse spatial elements have been observed as well, such as between settlements, blocks, facilities and objects. Based on the above, it could have been concluded that the block is truly one of the basic elements of settlements; thus, it is necessary to approach its shape and reconstruction very carefully and thoroughly. Based on the conducted researches of settlements and their blocks, in the past as well as in the present, plausible visions of block's development have been specified. In order to preserve the values of traditionally organized blocks, as well as to indicate the methods of the block development and transformation in the future, the dissertation offers certain recommendations for their planning, designing, construction, building protection and education referring to blocks. The theoretical researches have been realized through making of research models of settlements and blocks. The dissertation also provides a questionnaire for the purpose of researching social contacts within blocks, while the formed models were utilized to conduct a research on 16 settlements and 32 blocks. The results of this Doctoral dissertation have been presented as recommendations for the interventions in diverse areas of settlement area arrangements. They are expected to contribute to more adequate arrangement of blocks and hence the settlements as well.