Kombinacione sposobnosti za prinos zrna i agronomska svojstva ZP inbred linija kukuruza

Abstract

U radu je korišćeno 18 inbred linija (15 majki i 3 testera) i njihovih 45 hibrida za ocenu kombinacionih sposobnosti roditelja. 15 majki potiĉe iz tri nedovoljno ispitana genetiĉka izvora (A, B i C), sa po pet linija po izvoru. Testeri potiĉu iz Lankaster heterotiĉne grupe. Materijal je odabran na osnovu pretpostavke da se roditelji dobro kombinuju. Prema duţini vegetacionog perioda celokupan materijal (roditeljske komponente i hibridi) pripada grapama zrenja od FAO 400 do FAO 600. Ogled je izveden tokom 2010. i 2011. godine, na tri lokaliteta Zemun Polje, Školsko dobro i Srbobran. Sva tri lokaliteta predstavljaju duboka i plodna zemljišta-ĉernozem visokog kvaliteta. Sa meterološkog stanovišta, uslovi za proizvodnju kukukurza i izvedbu ogleda su bili povoljni, s tim da su temperature u letnjim mesecima (jul i avgust) dostizale vrednosti od 34oC u 2010. i 39 oC u 2011. godini. Srednje fenotipske vrednosti roditelja i hibrida su korišćene za raĉunanje opštih (OKS) posebnih (PKS) vrednosti za prinos zrna i agronomska svojstva po metodi linija × tester analiza. Na osnovu dobijenih vrednosti OKS i PKS izdvojeni su superiorni genotipovi. MeĊu njima, inbred linije A3, A4, B1 i C3 su se pokazale kao najbolji kombinatori za prinos zrna kao najvaţnije svojstvo. Osim za prinos zrna, isti genotipovi su se pokazali kao odliĉni kombinatori za visinu biljke i visinu gornjeg klipa (A3, A4 i C3), broj redova zrna (B1 i C3) i masu 1000 zrna (C3). Pomenute linije se prvenstveno preporuĉuju za dalji rad u stvaranju F1 hibrida, ali i stvaranju poboljšanih F2 populacija. Osim kombinatora koji se prvenstveno karakterišu dobrim OKS za prinos, otkriveni su i kombinatori sa odliĉnim OKS vrednostima, ali samo za pojedina svojstva. Takve linije se preporuĉuju za dalji rad u programima oplemenjivanja, ali prvenstveno kao donori poţeljnih osobina i popravku populacija. Otkriveni su dobri kombinatori za duţinu klipa (A2, C1 i C5), za broj redova zrna (B3, B4), za broj zrna u redu (C5), za dubinu i masu 1000 zrna (C2)...

In this study 18 inbred lines (15 mothers and 3 testers) and their 45 hybrids were used for evaluation of combining ability of parents. 15 mothers from three insufficiently studied genetic sources were chosen (A, B and C), with five lines per source. Testers are representatives of Lancaster heterotic group. The material is chosen on the bases on the assumption that parents combine well. According to the length of the vegetation period, the entire material (parental lines and hybrids) belongs to maturity groups from FAO 400 to FAO 600 The field experiment was conducted during 2010th and 2011 th, at three locations Zemun Polje, Školsko dobro and Srbobran. All three locations are characterised by deep and fertile high quality soil. From meteorological standpoint, the conditions for the maize production and performance of experiments were favorable, with the temperature in the summer months (July and August), reaching values of 34oC in 2010 th and 39 ° C in the 2011 th year. Average phenotypic values of parents and hybrids were used to calculate the general (GCA) and specific (SCA) combining abilities for grain yield and agronomic traits, using line × tester analysis. Based on the GCA and SCA, superior genotypes were selected. Among them, the inbred lines A3, A4, B1 and C3 have proven to be the best combiners for grain yield as the most important trait. In addition to grain yield, the same genotypes have proved to be excellent combiners for plant height and height of the upper ear (A3, A4, and C3), number of kernel rows (B1 and C3) and 1000 grain weight (C3). Above mentioned lines are primarily recommended for future breeding work in creating F1 hybrids, and creating improved F2 populations. Besides combiners which were primarily characterized by high GCA effects for yield, other combiners have been discovered with excellent GCA values, but only for individual traits. Such lines are recommended for further work in breeding programs, but primarily as donors of desirable traits and repairment of the population...