Psihosocijalni i psihopatološki činioci sklonosti ka ponavljanju zlostavljanja dece u sledećoj generaciji

Abstract

Uvod: Zlostavljanje u detinjstvu predstavlja globalan fenomen sa nepovoljnim posledicama po pojedinca i društvo, među kojima je i mogućnost prenošenja kroz generacije. Mehanizam transgeneracijskog zlostavljanja još uvek nije dovoljno poznat. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je da se ispitaju prediktivne vrednosti različitih psihosocijalnih i psihopatoloških faktora na sklonost ka zlostavljanju. Među ispitivanim faktorima su sociodemografske varijable, tip zlostavljanja u detinjstvu, dimenzije ličnosti, atačment, disocijativna iskustva, psihopatološki simptomi, i telesne bolesti. Pored toga, istraživanje je za cilj imalo da identifikuje razlike u prediktivnim modelima sklonosti ka zlostavljanju u grupama sa i bez istorije zlostavljanja u detinjstvu, kao i medijatorske i moderatorske efekte navedenih varijabli u vezi između zlostavljanja u detinjstvu i sklonosti ka zlostavljanju u odraslom dobu. Metod: Istraživanje je uključilo 372 roditelja iz nekliničke populacije (135 muškaraca i 237 žena, prosečne starosti 41,43 ± 8,12 godina), a korišćeni su sledeći instrumenti: opšti upitnik, Upitnik o traumatskim iskustvima u detinjstvu (Childhood Trauma Questionnaire – CTQ), Upitnik o sklonosti ka zlostavljanju dece (Child Abuse Potential Inventory – CAPI), Upitnik o temperamentu i karakteru, revidirana verzija (Temperament and Character Inventory Revised - TCI-R), Upitnik o iskustvima u bliskim odnosima, revidirana verzija (Experiences in Close Relationships Revised - ECR-R), Skala disocijativnih iskustava (Dissociative Experiences Scale – DES) i Revidirana lista simptoma (Symptom Checklist-90-Revised - SCL-90-R). Rezultati: Roditelji sa istorijom zlostavljanja imali su veću sklonost ka zlostavljanju u odnosu na one bez istorije zlostavljanja. U grupi roditelja sa istorijom zlostavljanja, značajni prediktori sklonosti ka zlostavljanju bili su sledeći faktori: veća starost najmlađeg deteta, veće emocionalno zlostavljanje, manja potraga za novim, veća istrajnost, manja samousmerenost i samotranscendentnost, veća anksioznost vezana za atačment, i veći indeks pozitivnih simptoma distresa (PSDI). Disocijacija i PSDI bili su delimični medijatori veze između emocionalnog zlostavljanja i sklonosti ka zlostavljanju...

Background: Child maltreatment is a global phenomenon with adverse outcomes for both individual and society, including the potential for transgenerational repetition. The mechanisms of this repetition are still obscure. The aim of this study was to investigate predictive effects of several psychosocial and psychopathological factors on child abuse potential. These factors refer to socio-demographics, maltreatment type, personality dimensions, attachment-dimensions, dissociative experiences, psychopathological symptoms and somatic disease. In addition, the study was aimed at exploring the differences in predictive models of child abuse potential between groups of parents with and without child abuse history, as well as identifying the mediating and moderating roles of the aforementioned factors in relationship between child abuse history and child abuse potential. Method: The study enrolled 372 non-clinical parents (135 males and 237 females, mean age 41.43 ± 8.12 years), and used the following instruments: General questionnaire, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire – CTQ, Child Abuse Potential Inventory – CAPI, Temperament and Character Inventory Revised - TCI-R, Experiences in Close Relationships Revised - ECR-R, Dissociative Experiences Scale – DES, Symptom Checklist-90-Revised - SCL-90-R. Results: Parents with child abuse history had higher child abuse potential than those without such history. Among parents with child abuse memories, significant predictors of child abuse potential were the following factors: older age of the youngest child, more intensive emotional abuse, lower novelty seeking, higher persistence, lower self-directedness and self-transcendence, higher attachment anxiety, and higher positive symptom distress index (PSDI). Dissociation and PSDI were partial mediators of the relationship between emotional abuse history and child abuse potential. Among parents without child abuse history, significant predictors of child abuse potential were the following factors: lower income, higher harm avoidance, reward dependence and persistence, higher attachment-anxiety and PSDI...