Kreativnost i ograničenost u leksici engleskog jezika pomorske struke

Abstract

Pomorski engleski jezik je specifičan registar i, prema tome, zahteva poseban tretman. Ovaj rad podrazumeva osvrt na gotovo svaki aspekt tako sloţenog sistema kao što je stručni engleski jezik u oblasti pomorskog obrazovanja i profesije. Sloţen, a u isto vreme i jednostavan, pomorski registar predstavlja lingvistički fenomen koji zahteva multidisciplinarni pristup. U tom registru dominiraju dve suprotne tendencije: ekonomičnost i kreativnost. Ekonomičnost pomorskog jezika ogleda se u uslovu da mora biti koncizan i nedvosmislen, to jest precizan da bi sluţio svrsi. Kreativnost, sa druge strane, stvara nove riječi, nova značenja i nove kombinacije postojećih jezičkih elemenata. Pokušali smo da obradimo odreĎen broj podregistara, ukazujući na glavne karakteristike. Podregistri koji obraĎujemo su sledeći: podregistar GMDSS-a (Global Maritime Distress and Safety System subregister); palubni (deck department subregister); podregistar navigacionog mosta (navigational bridge subregister) ; i mašinski podregistar (engine department subregister). Seaspeak je vitalni instrument za komunikaciju na brodu. Vaţnost engleskog jezika je oduvek isticana, a posebno standardizovane pomorske fraze koje se koriste u komunikaciji na relaciji brod – brod i brod – obala. Srpski pomorski jezik nema takav globalni značaj kao engleski , ali je, ipak, našao svoje mesto u ovom radu. Jedna od najinteresantnijih karakteristika srpskog pomorskog registra je veliki broj italijanizama, koji su kasnije bili zamenjeni anglicizmima, odnosno internacionalizmima...

Maritime English is a specific register. Therefore, it requires a specific treatment. This study implies almost every aspect of a complex system such as English for specific purpose in the nautical education and profession. The sophisticated system of the maritime English makes it a plain instrument of communication. The opposite “tides” govern the system: creative and economical tendency. The creative side of the maritime language is evident in the forming of new words and meanings, combining of existing units, various metaphors, etc. We have tried to look into a great number of subregisters by pointing to the main characteristics. Seaspeak is a vital instrument of communication on board a ship. The importance of English language has always been emphasized, especially the importance of the standardized maritime phrases used in vessel-to-vessel vessel-to-port communication. Serbian maritime language does not have such a global importance. Yet, it found its place in this study. One of the most interesting characteristics of the Serbian nautical register are a great number of italianisms, which were later replaced by anglicisms, that is internationalisms. We can conclude that maritime English is a restricted language which is characterized by a great many specific features on the phonological, morphological, lexical and syntaxical level. These particularities are the most obvious on the lexical level, for it implies maritime terms. This level is also under the greatest influence of the real world, that is the world outside language sphere...