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Tržišni potencijali i ekonomski efekti održivog korišćenja drvnih peleta kao biogoriva u Srbiji

Market opportunities and economic effects of sustainable use of wood pellets as biofuel in Serbia

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2014
Disertacija454.pdf (7.401Mb)
Slavica_Petrovic.pdf (652.7Kb)
Author
Petrović, Slavica
Mentor
Glavonjić, Branko
Committee members
Nešić, Milan
Danon, Gradimir
Drakulić, Mirjana
Banjac, Miloš
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Abstract
Proizvodnja drvnih peleta počela je 70-ih godina prošlog veka, najpre u Kanadi i SAD-u, a zatim 80-ih godina u Evropi, i to prvo u Švedskoj. Drvne pelete su nastale kao alternativno gorivo za fosilna goriva koja tokom poslednjih decenija karakteriše stalni rast cena. Pri tom, osim što su cenovno konkurentne fosilnim gorivima, drvne pelete su i CO2 neutralna goriva, što je od posebnog značaja ako se zna da njihovo korišćenje, umesto fosilnih goriva, doprinosi ublažavanju klimatskih promena. Trend povećanja korišćenja obnovljivih izvora energije, uključujući i drvne pelete, je tokom poslednjih nekoliko decenija karakterističan za većinu zemalja Evropske unije. Korišćenjem obnovljivih izvora, ove zemlje pokušavaju da smanje svoju zavisnost od fosilnih goriva kojima se u najvećoj meri snabdevaju iz uvoza. Zemlje Unije danas imaju najrazvijenije tržište drvnih peleta u svetu, a iste koriste ne samo za proizvodnju toplotne, već i električne energije. Samo u 2012. godini, potrošnja drvnih pel...eta u ovom regionu dostigla je nivo od 14,4 miliona tona, a prognoze su da će se trend rasta nastaviti i u narednom periodu. Iako je proizvodnja drvnih peleta u većini zemalja Evropske unije počela u poslednjoj deceniji prošlog veka, određen broj njih danas ima razvijena i stabilna tržišta ove vrste goriva. Austrija je jedna od zemalja koja je primer prethodno navedenog, i u kojoj se drvne pelete koriste isključivo za proizvodnju toplotne energije. Tržište drvnih peleta u Austriji sastoji se iz tri segmenta, i to segmenta proizvođača i distributera drvnih peleta, segmenta proizvođača peći i kotlova na drvne pelete i segmenta potrošača drvnih peleta. Osim navedenih segmenata, važan faktor koji je uticao na razvoj ovog tržišta predstavlja institucionalni i regulatorni okvir, koga sačinjavaju najznačajnije institucije posredstvom kojih se sprovodi određena evropska i nacionalna regulativa. Prateći trendove u svetu i u Evropi, proizvodnja drvnih peleta otpočela je 2006. godine i u Srbiji. Tržište koje je počelo da se razvija, razvija se po modelu koji je vrlo sličan austrijskom modelu tržišta. Sličnost između modela ogleda se u činjenici da se oba tržišta drvnih peleta sastoje iz istih segmenata, ali je zbog nižeg stepena razvoja, VII broj učesnika u pojedinim segmentima na tržištu u Srbiji manji.

Wood pellets production started during the 1970s first in Canada and the USA and afterwards in Europe in the 1980s, namely first in Sweden. Wood pellets emerged as an alternative fuel for fossil fuels, characterized by constant price increase in the last decades. Additionally, apart from being competitive to fossil fuels in terms of prices, wood pellets are also CO2 neutral fuel, which has special significance concerning the fact that their use has significant contribution to the mitigation of climate changes, unlike fossil fuels. Increasing trend of using renewable energy sources, including wood pellets, has been characteristic for most European Union countries for the last couple of decades. By using renewable sources, these countries are trying to reduce their dependence on fossil fuels, which they are mostly supplied with by importing. The Union countries have the most developed market of wood pellets in the world nowadays, which are used not only for heat generation but also for e...lectricity generation. In 2012 only, wood pellets consumption in this region reached the level of 14.4 million tons and the forecast is that the increasing trend will continue in the upcoming period as well. Although wood pellets production in most European Union countries started in the last decade of the previous century, significant number of these countries now has developed and stable markets of this wood fuel type. Austria is a country that can be used as the example of aforementioned, where wood pellets are used exclusively for heat production. Market of wood pellets in Austria consists of three segments, namely the segment of wood pellets producers and distributors, segment of wood pellets burning furnaces and boilers and segment of wood pellets consumers. Apart from these segments, institutional and regulatory framework is a significant factor for the development of this market, comprised of the institutions which implement certain European and national regulations.

Faculty:
University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry
Date:
12-11-2014
Projects:
  • Studying climate change and its influence on environment: impacts, adaptation and mitigation (RS-43007)
Keywords:
obnovljivi izvori energije / renewable energy sources / wood pellets / fossil fuels / heat production / market model / substitution / district heating systems / households / commercial and public facilities / CO2 emission. / drvne pelete / fosilna goriva / toplotna energija / model tržišta / supstitucija / sistemi daljnskog grejanja / domaćinstva / objekti od komercijalnog i javnog značaja / emisija CO2.
[ Google Scholar ]
Handle
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_nardus_4865
URI
http://eteze.bg.ac.rs/application/showtheses?thesesId=2495
https://nardus.mpn.gov.rs/handle/123456789/4865
https://fedorabg.bg.ac.rs/fedora/get/o:10532/bdef:Content/download
http://vbs.rs/scripts/cobiss?command=DISPLAY&base=70036&RID=513343900

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