Procena rizika pri ekspoziciji organohalogenim kontaminantima i teškim metalima putem hrane
Risk assessment of the exposure to organohalogenated contaminants and heavy metals in food
Author
Janković, Saša D.Mentor
Antonijević, Biljana
Committee members
Bulat, Zorica
Spirić, Aurelija
Metadata
Show full item recordAbstract
Zadatak svih činilaca uključenih u proizvodnju hrane je da stvore uslove da hrana
koja dolazi do potrošača bude bezbedna. Ocena bezbednosti hrane, između ostalog,
podrazumeva i procenu rizika od supstanci prisutnih u hrani, naročito od onih koje nemaju
gradivnu ili fiziološku vrednost. U realnim okolnostima ljudi su preko hrane istovremeno
izloženi delovanju brojnih ksenobiotika, pa i teških metala i organohalogenih jedinjenja
koji su odabrani za proučavanje u ovoj studiji.
Pored procene rizika zasnovane na ispitivanju svakog pojedinačnog kontaminanta,
cilj ove studije je bio i sprovođenje integrativne procene rizika poređenjem toksičnih
efekata pojedinačnih kontaminanata i njihove smeše zbog istovremene izloženosti ovim
toksičnim supstancama. Pretpostavka je da, iako ne postoji rizik pri izloženosti
pojedinačnim toksičnim supstancama, integralni pristup proceni izloženosti može da ukaže
na povećan rizik.
Svi uzorci ispitanih namirnica su bili u skladu sa važećim propisom, sa izuzetkom...
jednog uzorka ribe (Hg) i 16 uzoraka kakaoa (Cd). Kadmijum je detektovan u najvećem
broju vrsta namirnica kao i u najvećem broju ispitanih uzoraka; organohalogena jedinjenja
su detektovana isključivo u namirnicama animalnog porekla – DDT u mleku, proizvodima
od mleka i ribi, a ndl-PCB i PBDE isključivo u ribi. Najviše koncentracije kadmijuma
dokazane su u lignjama i školjkama, žive u rečnim ribama, olova u čajevima i začinima,
DDT u slatkovodnoj ribi a ndl-PCB i PBDE u morskoj ribi. Zbog značajnog udela u ishrani
glavni izvor ekspozicije kadmijumu u sve tri posmatrane grupe bile su žitarice i povrće.
Unos žive bio je dominantno preko ribe, a olova preko žitarica, voća i povrća.
Determinističkom metodologijom dokazan je povećan rizik od unosa ispitanih
kontaminanata u prosečnoj opštoj populaciji, populaciji na mediteranskoj dijeti i populaciji
dece samo za ndl-PCB. Pored ndl-PCB, probabilističkom metodologijom je procenjen
povećan rizik i od unosa Cd za prosečno izloženu populaciju sve tri ispitivane grupe...
The principal goal of food-producing stakeholders is to provide safe food for the
consumer. Food safety assessment consists of (among the other) risk assessment in respect
to supstances that can be present in food, especially those of no nutritional or physiological
significance. In real-life circumstances, humans are exposed to various xenobiotics, even
heavy metals and organohalogenated compounds through food consumption, which are
chosen for investigation in this study.
Besides the risk assessment based on investigation of each contaminant
individually, the aim of this study was to conduct integrative risk assessment by
comparison of toxic effects between individual contaminants and their mixtures, due to the
simultaneous exposure to these toxic substances. The hypothesis is, that even no increased
risk exists through exposure to individual toxic substances, integrative approach to risk
assessment may reveal increased risk. All samples of investigated foodstuffs were
compliant with ...current legislative except one fish sample (Hg) and 16 cocoa powder
samples (Cd). Cadmium was the most detected element in most types of foodstuffs and in
largest number of tested samples as well; organohalogenated compounds were detected
exclusively in animal-originated foodstuffs – DDT in milk, dairy products and fish, while
ndl-PCBs and PBDE were detected in fish only. The highest concentrations of cadmium
were found in squids and clams, mercury in freshwater fish, lead in teas and spices, DDT in
freshwater fish, while the highest concentrations of ndl-PCBs and PBDE were found in
marine fish. Due to the significant contribution to the total diet, the major exposition
sources of cadmium in all three investigated groups were cereals and vegetables. Dominant
intake of mercury is through fish, while intake of lead occurs through cereals, fruits and
vegetables...