Florističke karakteristike šuma crnog i belog bora na serpentinitu i peridotitima u zapadnoj i centralnoj Srbiji
Floristic characteristics of Austrian pine and Scots pine forests on serpentine and peridotites in western and central Serbia
Author
Novaković-Vuković, Marijana R.
Mentor
Cvjetićanin, Rade
Committee members
Knežević, MilanVilotić, Dragica
Stevanović, Vladimir
Janić, Milorad
Metadata
Show full item recordAbstract
U radu su proučene florističke karakteristike šumskih fitocenoza crnog (Pinus
nigra Arnold) i belog bora (Pinus sylvestris L.) u Srbiji, kao i ekološki uslovi u kojima
se nalaze proučavane zajednice. Za područje istraživanja je odabrano pet lokaliteta:
Tara, Šargan, Zlatibor i Pešter, koji se nalaze u zapadnoj Srbiji, kao i Kopaonik, koji je
smešten u centralnoj Srbiji.
Od ekoloških karakteristika staništa proučene su: klimatske, orografske,
geološka podloga i zemljišta. Na osnovu klimatskih podataka određene su opšte odlike
klime istraživanih područja i izračunati sledeći parametri: bioklimatska klasifikacija po
Lang-u i Kepen-u, hidrički bilans po Torntvajt-u, Kernerov stepen kontinentalnosti i De
Martonov indeks suše. Na istraživanim lokalitetima, prema Langovoj bioklimatskoj
klasifikaciji, klima je humidna, kao i prema Torntvajtovoj klasifikaciji. To je tipično
šumsko područje gde voda stalno otiče, a šume se nalaze u optimalnim klimatskim
uslovima za rast i razvoj. Geološka podlog...a istraživanih područja je ista na svim
lokalitetima, a nju čine serpentinit, peridotiti i serpentinisani peridotiti. Analiza je
pokazala prisustvo sledećih tipova zemljišta na istraživanim lokalitetima: eutrično
humusno silikatno zemljište (ranker) na serpentinitu, posmeđeno eutrično humusno
silikatno zemljište na serpentinitu i eutrično smeđe zemljište na serpentinitu. U okviru
ovih tipova izdvojeno je nekoliko varijeteta i formi.
Na području Zlatibora, Tare, Šargana, Peštera i Kopaonika opisane su tri šumske
fitocenoze: Erico-Pinetum nigrae Krause 1957, Pinetum sylvestris-nigrae Pavlović
1951 i Erico-Pinetum sylvestris Stefanović 1963. Sve tri zajednice pripadaju svezi
Orno-Ericion Horvat 1959, redu Erico-Pinetalia Oberdorfer 49 emend. Ht 1959 i
razredu Erico-Pinetea Ht 1959. Fitocenološke karakteristike istraživanih sastojina su
utvrđene na osnovu 95 fitocenoloških snimaka koji su uzeti standardnim metodom
Braun Blankea (Braun Blanquet-a). Fitocenološki snimci su uzimani u tri aspekta: rano
proleće, prelaz proleće-leto i u leto. Na bazi florističkog sastava izdvojene su
subasocijacije i izračunati su indeksi diverziteta i izjednačenosti...
Floristic characteristics of forest plant communities of Austrian pine (Pinus
nigra Arnold) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in Serbia, as well as ecological
condition in which these communities grow were studied in this research. Five localities
where chosen for this research: Tara, Šargan, Zlatibor and Pešter, which are situated in
western Serbia, as well as Kopaonik, which is situated in central Serbia.
Researched ecological site characteristics are: climate, orographic conditions,
geologic bedrocks and soils. Common climate characteristics were established based on
meteorological data and following parameters were calculated: bioclimatic classification
according to Lang and Keppen, Thornthwaite's climate index, climate continentality
level and De Martonne aridity index. Climate is humid, according to Lang, as well as
according to Thornthwaite's climate index. It is tipical forest area where water
constantly flows, and forests are situated in optimal climate conditions for growt...h and
development. Geologic bedrock is the same on every locality, composed of serpentine,
peridotites and serpentinized peridotites. Next soil types are described according to
analysis: eutric humus-siliceous soil (ranker) on serpentine, brownised eutric humussiliceous
soil on serpentine and eutric brown soil on serpentine. Several types and forms
are described within these types.
In the region of Zlatibor, Tara, Šargan, Pešter and Kopaonik, three forest plant
communities are identified: Erico-Pinetum nigrae Krause 1957, Pinetum sylvestrisnigrae
Pavlović 1951 and Erico-Pinetum sylvestris Stefanović 1963. These plant
communities belong to allience Orno-Ericion Horvat 1959, order Erico-Pinetalia
Oberdorfer 49 emend. Ht 1959 and class Erico-Pinetea Ht 1959. Phytocoenological
characteristics of the analyzed stands were determinated by taking 95 phytocoenological
relevés using the standard metod of Braun Blanquet. Phytocoenological relevés were
taken in three vegetation aspects: early spring, spring-summer and summer...