Pleistocenska malakofauna jugozapadne Bačke

Abstract

Proučavani profili Bačke lesne zaravni, nalaze se duž južne i zapadne granice obodnih naselja Srbobran, Vrbas, Kula, Crvenka, Mali Iđoš i Bačka Topola. Karakterišu ih lesni odseci od 10 do 30 m visine, i čine jasan prelaz prema višoj rečnoj terasi. Navejavanje lesa odvijalo se u pleistocenu, tokom suvog stepskog i vlažnog alpijskog perioda. Za vreme suvog stepskog perioda preko Bačke, duvali su vetrovi sa severa i istoka donoseći subaersku prašinu, i taložili je u Panonskoj niziji. Zapadni vetrovi su donosili samo vlagu i kišu, o čemu svedoči močvarni i barski les sa mešovitom faunom. Paleozemljište se formiralo tokom vlažnije i toplije klime. Lesno − paleozemljišne sekvence izučavanih profila, pokazuju podudarnost sa profilima Vojvodine i Mađarske. Terenskim radom na istraživanim lokalitetima, ciglanama u Crvenki, Telečki, Malom Iđošu i Bačkoj Topoli prikupljena je i determinisana pleistocenska fauna mekušaca iz klase gastropoda 22 familije i 72 vrste, a iz klase bivalvia jedna familija i osam vrsta. Paleoekološkim analizama na osnovu mnogobrojnih primeraka mekušaca, urađene su kvantitativne analize čime je rekonstruisana dinamika, promena prirodnih uslova i klime tokom pleistocena.

The studied profiles of Backa Loess Plateau are situated along the southern and western boundaries of fringe settlements Srbobran, Vrbas, Kula, Crvenka, Mali Iđoš and Bačka Topola. They are characterized by loess escarpments 10-30 m high, forming a clear transition toward the higher river terrace. Loess deposition took place in Pleistocene, during the arid steppe and humid alpine period. During the dry steppe period Bačka was under influence of northern and eastern winds that brought Subarid dust and deposited it in the Pannonian Plain. The western winds brought only moisture and rain, as indicated by marsh and pond loess with mixed fauna. The paleosoil was formed during the periods of warmer, more humid climate. The loess-paleosoil sequences of studied profiles are matching the profiles of Vojvodina and Hungary. The field work in studied sites and brick factories at Crvenka, Telečka, Mali Iđoš and Bačka Topola included collecting and determination of Pleistocene mollusk fauna from class Gastropoda, with 22 families and 72 species, while class Bivalvia was represented by one family and eight species. The quantitative paleoecological analyses of abundant mollusk material were used to reconstruct dynamics, changes in natural conditions and climate during the Pleistocene period.