Motiv "leptirovog sna" u poeziji Macuo Bašoa
Motif of Butterfly dream in the poetry of Matsuo Basho
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U istoriji japanske poezije, ime Macuo Bašoa (1644-1694) uvek je povezano sa
poetskim žanrom haiku – danas najpoznatijom, i u svetu popularnom, japanskom poetskom
formom, koja ima svega 17 slogova raščlanjenih u tri stiha (5-7-5). Iako je u početku haiku
bio pesnička razonoda, on će se vremenom razvijati i dostići nivo visoko-estetske umetnosti.
Tome je u velikoj meri doprineo i Macuo Bašo koji važi za jednog od najvećih haiku pesnika,
ne samo u vreme kada je živeo, već i danas, a njegove se mnoge pesme smatraju remekdelima
japanskog pesništva. Zbog toga je cilj ove teze ispitivanje filosofske osnove njegovog
pesništva, kao i elemenata koji čine njegovu poeziju posebnom i aktuelnom čak i danas.
U proučavanju Macuo Bašoa ne možemo zanemariti uticaj taoizma i zen budizma na
njegov rad. Posebno je filosofija Čuang Cea uticala na misao i estetska, kao i pesnička načela
Bašoove poezije. U cilju proučavanja ovog uticaja, odlučili smo se za Čuang Ceovu poznatu
priču „Leptirov san",... u kojoj je ovaj čuveni taoistički filosof izrazio suštinu svoje filosofije.
Koristeći se komparativnom metodom u proučavanju Bašoovih pesama u kojima se pojavljuje
san ili leptir (ili oba zajedno) pokušaćemo da utvrdimo njegovo shvatanje stvarnosti i života –
tačnije, shvatanja jave kao sna i potrebe za velikim buđenjem, a leptira kao simbola
nestalnosti postojanja, ali i lakoće življenja. Nadamo se da ćemo na taj način doprineti boljem
razumevanju Bašoove poezije, ali i haiku poezije uopšte.
In the history of Japanese poetry the name Matsuo Basho (1644 – 1694) has always
been connected with the poetic genre of haiku – nowadays the most famous and renowned
Japanese poetic form – which contains only 17 syllables grouped into three verses (5-7-5).
Although haiku was initially considered a poetic pastime, in time it evolved and became a
highly aesthetic art. Matsuo Basho, who contributed to the development of haiku, is
considered to be one of the greatest exponents of this poetry form, and his poems are viewed
as masterpieces of Japanese poetry. Therefore, the aim of this work was examination of
philosophic ground of his poetry and elements that make his poetry particular, and actual,
even today.
In studying the poetry of Matsuo Basho, we can’t ignore the influence of Taoism and
Zen Buddhism on his work. Especially the philosophy of Chuang Tzu influenced the thoughts
and aesthetical and poetical principles of Basho’s poetry. In order to analyze this influence,
we d...ecided to use Chuang Tzu’s well-known story Butterfly Dream in which this famous
Taoist philosopher expressed the essence of his philosophy. Using the comparative method in
analyzing Basho’s haikus in which he wrote of dream, or butterfly, we would try to determine
his conception of reality and life – more precisely, on the one hand, conception of reality as a
dream and need for the Great Awakening, and on the other, conception of butterfly as a
symbol of the imparmenancy of existence, and easiness of living. In that way we hope to
contribute to a better understanding of Basho’s poetry, and haiku genre in general.